Yang Jie, Huang Wenjuan, Liu Yongsheng, Zhou Tao
School of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China
RSC Adv. 2018 May 4;8(30):16611-16618. doi: 10.1039/c8ra01314d. eCollection 2018 May 3.
The conversion of ethyl levulinate (EL) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is an important reaction in biomass conversion. This process undergoes two consecutive reactions: hydrogenation and transesterification of the intermediate compound, ethyl 4-hydroxypentanoate, which are catalyzed by metal nanoparticles and acid sites, respectively. In this study, we explored the catalytic activity of Ru supported on metal organic frameworks aiming to develop efficient metal-acid bifunctional catalysts for this green process. UiO-66 and its analogues with various substituted groups (-SOH, -NH and -NO) were employed in this study. The Ru particle size, oxidation state and reducibility were characterized by TEM, H-TPR, and XPS. The results suggest that the introduction of functional groups reduces the hydrogenation activity of pristine Ru/UiO-66 to various extents. Catalyst modified with -SOH group shows much higher acidic catalytic performance while showing hydrogenation activity towards C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds, thus improving the overall transformation of EL to GVL due to the presence of strong Brønsted acid sites.
乙酰丙酸乙酯(EL)转化为γ-戊内酯(GVL)是生物质转化中的一个重要反应。该过程经历两个连续反应:中间化合物4-羟基戊酸乙酯的氢化反应和酯交换反应,分别由金属纳米颗粒和酸性位点催化。在本研究中,我们探索了负载在金属有机框架上的Ru的催化活性,旨在开发用于这一绿色过程的高效金属-酸双功能催化剂。本研究采用了UiO-66及其具有各种取代基(-SOH、-NH和-NO)的类似物。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氢气程序升温还原(H-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Ru的粒径、氧化态和还原性能进行了表征。结果表明,官能团的引入在不同程度上降低了原始Ru/UiO-66的氢化活性。用-SOH基团改性的催化剂表现出更高的酸性催化性能,同时对C=O键表现出氢化活性,因此由于存在强布朗斯特酸位点,提高了EL向GVL的整体转化率。