The synthesis of green fluorescent carbon dots for warm white LEDs.

Green fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized with pyrogallic acid as carbon source by solvothermal method in ,-dimethylformamide (DMF). During the formation of the CDs, DMF not only serves as solvent for reaction, but also as nitrogen source to participate in the reaction. At the same time, it promotes the formation of large conjugated sp-domain in CDs. The prepared CDs have an average size of 11.9 nm, excitation-independent emission centered at 520 nm and fluorescence quantum yield of 16.8%. For practical applications, warm white light-emitting diodes were fabricated by combining the CDs/-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (KH-792) mixture with UV chip, which emitted warm white light with color coordinates of (0.39, 0.47) and a correlated color temperature of 4323 K suitable for indoor lighting.