Laskar Ikbal Bahar, Rajkumari Kalyani, Gupta Rajat, Chatterjee Sushovan, Paul Bappi, Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar Assam-788010 India.
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar Assam-788010 India
RSC Adv. 2018 Jun 4;8(36):20131-20142. doi: 10.1039/c8ra02397b. eCollection 2018 May 30.
A waste snail shell () derived catalyst was used to produce biodiesel from soybean oil at room temperature for the first time. The snail shell was calcined at different temperatures of 400-1000 °C. The synthesized catalysts underwent XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, XRF, TG/DTA and N adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET) analysis. The major component CaO was determined at a calcination temperature of 900 °C as depicted in the XRD results. 100% conversion of soybean oil to methyl ester biodiesel was obtained, as confirmed by H NMR. A biodiesel yield of 98% was achieved under optimized reaction conditions such as a calcination temperature of 900 °C, a catalyst loading of 3 wt%, a reaction time of 7 h and a methanol to oil ratio of 6 : 1, and biodiesel conversion was confirmed by FT-NMR and IR spectroscopies. A total of 9 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were identified in the synthesized biodiesel by the retention time and fragmentation pattern data of GC-MS analysis. The catalyst was recycled 8 times without appreciable loss in its catalytic activity. A high biodiesel yield of 98% was obtained under these optimised conditions. The catalyst has the advantage of being a waste material, therefore it is easily prepared, cost free, highly efficient, biogenic, labor effective and environmentally friendly, making it a potential candidate as a green catalyst for low cost production of biodiesel at an industrial scale.
首次使用废弃蜗牛壳衍生的催化剂在室温下由大豆油生产生物柴油。将蜗牛壳在400 - 1000 °C的不同温度下煅烧。对合成的催化剂进行了XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS、FTIR、XRF、TG/DTA和N吸附 - 脱附等温线（BET）分析。如XRD结果所示，在900 °C的煅烧温度下确定了主要成分CaO。通过¹H NMR证实，大豆油向甲酯生物柴油的转化率达到100%。在优化的反应条件下，如煅烧温度900 °C、催化剂负载量3 wt%、反应时间7 h和甲醇与油的比例为6∶1，生物柴油产率达到98%，并通过FT - NMR和红外光谱证实了生物柴油的转化。通过GC - MS分析的保留时间和碎片模式数据，在合成的生物柴油中总共鉴定出9种脂肪酸甲酯（FAMEs）。催化剂循环使用8次，其催化活性没有明显损失。在这些优化条件下获得了98%的高生物柴油产率。该催化剂具有作为废料的优点，因此易于制备、成本低、效率高、生物源、省力且环保，使其成为工业规模低成本生产生物柴油的绿色催化剂的潜在候选者。
