Mohammed Alaa K, Alkhafaje Zahraa A, Rashid Israa M
Biochemical Engineering Department, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 47024, Iraq.
Heliyon. 2023 Jun 8;9(6):e17094. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17094. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Biodiesel as an attractive energy source; a low-cost and green synthesis technique was utilized for biodiesel preparation via waste cooking oil methanolysis using waste snail shell derived catalyst. The present work aimed to investigate the production of biodiesel fuel from waste materials. The catalyst was greenly synthesized from waste snail shells throughout a calcination process at different calcination time of 2-4 h and temperature of 750-950 °C. The catalyst samples were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The reaction variables varying in the range of 10:1-30:1 M ratio of MeOH: oil, 3-11 wt% catalyst loading, 50-70 °C reaction temperature, and 2-6 h reaction time. The designed model optimization was set its parameters at 21.5 methanol molar ratio, 9.8 wt% catalyst loading, 4.8 h reaction time, and 62.2 °C reaction temperature, resulting in a mixture comprised of 95% esters content.
生物柴油作为一种有吸引力的能源;采用一种低成本的绿色合成技术,通过使用废弃蜗牛壳衍生催化剂对废食用油进行甲醇解来制备生物柴油。目前的工作旨在研究从废料中生产生物柴油燃料。在2 - 4小时的不同煅烧时间和750 - 950°C的温度下,通过煅烧过程从废弃蜗牛壳中绿色合成催化剂。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、布鲁诺尔 - 埃米特 - 泰勒(BET)、能量色散X射线(EDX)和傅里叶变换红外(FT - IR)对催化剂样品进行表征。反应变量在甲醇与油的摩尔比为10:1 - 30:1、催化剂负载量为3 - 11 wt%、反应温度为50 - 70°C以及反应时间为2 - 6小时的范围内变化。设计的模型优化将其参数设置为甲醇摩尔比21.5、催化剂负载量9.8 wt%、反应时间4.8小时和反应温度62.2°C,得到一种酯含量为95%的混合物。