Duke Appiah, Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, STOP 9430 Lubbock, TX 79430. Phone: 806-743-9472. Email:
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2022;9(2):315-322. doi: 10.14283/jpad.2022.15.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately affect rural communities. Identifying strategies to effectively communicate CVD risk to prevent these conditions remains a high priority.
We assessed the relation between predicted heart/vascular age (PHA), an easily communicated metric of CVD risk, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an early manifestation of ADRD.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Data were from 967 rural West Texas residents aged ≥40 years without CVD at baseline (2009-2012) enrolled in Project FRONTIER, an ongoing, multi-ethnic cohort study on cognitive aging.
MCI was diagnosed using the standardized consensus review criteria. PHA was calculated using the Framingham CVD risk equation. High excess PHA (HEPHA) was defined as the difference between PHA and chronological age >5 years. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
At baseline, the mean age of participants (70% women and 64% Hispanics) was 55 years. Almost 13% had MCI and 65% had HEPHA. After adjusting for socio-demographic and health factors, HEPHA was positively associated with MCI (OR=2.98; 95%CI: 1.72-5.15). Among participants without MCI at baseline who returned for follow-up exam after three years (n=238), a three-year negative change in PHA was seemingly associated with reduced odds for MCI (OR=0.98; 95%CI: 0.96-1.01).
In this study, PHA was positively associated with MCI, with improvement in CVD risk profile seemingly related to reduced odds for MCI. PHA may provide a low-cost means of communicating CVD risk in rural settings to prevent both CVD and ADRD.
心血管疾病（CVD）和阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症（ADRD）在农村社区的发病率不成比例。寻找有效的沟通 CVD 风险的策略来预防这些疾病仍然是当务之急。
我们评估了预测的心脏/血管年龄（PHA）与轻度认知障碍（MCI）之间的关系，MCI 是 ADRD 的早期表现。
设计、地点、参与者：数据来自 967 名年龄≥40 岁且基线时无 CVD 的德克萨斯州西部农村居民（2009-2012 年），他们参加了一项正在进行的、多民族队列研究认知老化的 FRONTIER 项目。
MCI 的诊断采用标准化的共识审查标准。PHA 通过 Framingham CVD 风险方程计算。高 PHA 过剩（HEPHA）定义为 PHA 与实际年龄之差>5 年。采用 logistic 回归模型计算比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
在基线时，参与者的平均年龄（70%为女性，64%为西班牙裔）为 55 岁。近 13%的人患有 MCI，65%的人患有 HEPHA。在调整社会人口统计学和健康因素后，HEPHA 与 MCI 呈正相关（OR=2.98；95%CI：1.72-5.15）。在基线时无 MCI 且三年后返回进行随访检查的 238 名参与者中，PHA 在三年内的负向变化与 MCI 的几率降低有关（OR=0.98；95%CI：0.96-1.01）。
在这项研究中，PHA 与 MCI 呈正相关，CVD 风险状况的改善似乎与 MCI 的几率降低有关。PHA 可能为农村地区沟通 CVD 风险提供一种低成本的方法，以预防 CVD 和 ADRD。
