Tao Tao, Ma Dong-Hao, Wu Si-Cong, Huo Ya-Wen, Chen Jin-Lin, Zhang Jia-Bao, Zhang Cong-Zhi, Tan Jun, Pan Hui, Ma Hong-Jiao
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2022 Apr;33(4):901-908. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202204.027.
Large-scale mining has greatly damaged vegetation and caused ecological degradation in the semi-arid area in China. It is urgent to restore the vegetation to solve the deteriorating ecological and environmental problems in mining area. How to reclaim soils for effectively storing and utilizing precipitation is the primary issue for vegetation restoration in the area. In this study, we proposed to take the mixture of attapulgite clay and local sandy soils as covering materials to improve the weak water conservation function of soils in mining areas, and studied the effects of the addition of attapulgite clay on soil infiltration, drainage and water storage sampled from the Shenmu mining area. The results showed that, with increasing application rates of attapulgite clay, the cumulated infiltration volumes decreased by 4.8%-37.4%, the infiltration rates dropped by 6.4%-46.3%, the wetting front advance rates decreased by 9.8%-116.9%, the saturated hydraulic conductivities decreased by 14.3%-59.5%, the drained water volumes reduced by 0.3%-4.3% for 24 hours and by 0.3%-2.5% for 72 hours, and the maximum soil water storages increased by 1.6%-22.4%. The maximum effect of attapulgite clay peaked at the application rate of 150 t·hm. Considering the economic cost, the optimum application rate should be 30-150 t·hm. The results syste-matically revealed the mechanism of reclaiming mining soils with attapulgite clay to restore the function of water conservation, and demonstrated that attapulgite clay is an effective material for soil reclamation in the semi-arid mining area, which can provide references for soil reclamation and ecological restoration in the semi-arid mining area.
大规模采矿已对中国半干旱地区的植被造成极大破坏，并导致生态退化。为解决矿区日益恶化的生态环境问题，植被恢复迫在眉睫。如何改良土壤以有效储存和利用降水是该地区植被恢复的首要问题。本研究提出采用凹凸棒石粘土与当地砂土的混合物作为覆盖材料，以改善矿区土壤较弱的保水功能，并研究添加凹凸棒石粘土对取自神木矿区土壤的入渗、排水和蓄水的影响。结果表明，随着凹凸棒石粘土施用量的增加，累积入渗量降低了4.8% - 37.4%，入渗率下降了6.4% - 46.3%，湿润锋推进速率降低了9.8% - 116.9%，饱和导水率降低了14.3% - 59.5%，24小时排水量减少了0.3% - 4.3%，72小时排水量减少了0.3% - 2.5%，最大土壤蓄水量增加了1.6% - 22.4%。凹凸棒石粘土的最大效果在施用量为150 t·hm²时达到峰值。考虑到经济成本，最佳施用量应为30 - 150 t·hm²。研究结果系统揭示了利用凹凸棒石粘土改良矿区土壤以恢复保水功能的机制，并表明凹凸棒石粘土是半干旱矿区土壤改良的有效材料，可为半干旱矿区的土壤改良和生态恢复提供参考。
