École de Nutrition, Centre Nutrition, santé et société (Centre NUTRISS), and Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
J Nutr. 2022 Jun 13;152(Suppl 1):57S-66S. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac057.
Diets that reduce reliance on animal-source foods are recommended in some contexts.
This study aimed to compare proportions of respondents who reported following meat-reduced dietary practices (i.e., vegetarian, vegan, or pescatarian diets) and/or making efforts to reduce animal-source foods, and to examine sociodemographic correlates across 5 countries.
Online surveys were conducted in November and December 2018 and 2019 with 41,607 adults from Australia (n = 7926), Canada (n = 8031), Mexico (n = 8110), the United Kingdom (n = 9129), and the United States (n = 8411) as part of the International Food Policy Study. Respondents were asked whether they would describe themselves as vegetarian, vegan, or pescatarian, and whether they had made efforts to consume less red meat, less of all meats, or less dairy in the past year. Logistic regressions examined differences in the likelihood of each behavior between countries and sociodemographic subgroups.
Approximately 1 in 10 respondents reported following a vegetarian, vegan, or pescatarian diet, ranging from 8.6% (Canada) to 11.7% (UK). In the past 12 months, the proportions of respondents who reported efforts to consume less red meat ranged from 34.5% (Australia) to 44.4% (Mexico), less of all meats ranged from 27.9% (US) to 35.2% (Mexico), and to consume less dairy ranged from 20.6% (UK) to 41.3% (Mexico). Respondents were more likely to report efforts to consume less animal-source products in 2019 compared to 2018 in most countries. Sociodemographic patterns varied by country; in general, women, those with higher education levels, and those in minority ethnic groups were more likely to report following meat-reduced dietary practices or efforts to consume fewer animal-source products.
Nearly half of respondents reported following a meat-reduced diet or efforts to reduce animal-source products, with differences between countries and population subgroups. Population-level approaches and policies that support meat reduction may further reduce consumption of animal-source products.
在某些情况下，建议减少对动物源食品依赖的饮食。
本研究旨在比较报告遵循减少肉类饮食实践（即素食、纯素或鱼素饮食）和/或努力减少动物源食品的受访者比例，并在 5 个国家/地区检查社会人口学相关性。
2018 年 11 月至 12 月和 2019 年，在澳大利亚（n=7926）、加拿大（n=8031）、墨西哥（n=8110）、英国（n=9129）和美国（n=8411）共 41607 名成年人中进行了在线调查，这些人是国际食品政策研究的一部分。受访者被问及他们是否会将自己描述为素食主义者、纯素食者或鱼素者，以及他们在过去一年中是否曾努力减少食用红肉、所有肉类或乳制品。逻辑回归检验了各国和社会人口亚组之间每种行为的可能性差异。
大约 10%的受访者报告遵循素食、纯素或鱼素饮食，范围从 8.6%（加拿大）到 11.7%（英国）。在过去 12 个月中，报告努力减少食用红肉的受访者比例从 34.5%（澳大利亚）到 44.4%（墨西哥），减少食用所有肉类的比例从 27.9%（美国）到 35.2%（墨西哥），减少食用乳制品的比例从 20.6%（英国）到 41.3%（墨西哥）。与大多数国家相比，2019 年受访者更有可能报告努力减少食用动物源产品。社会人口模式因国家而异；一般来说，女性、受教育程度较高的人和少数民族群体更有可能报告遵循减少肉类饮食的实践或努力减少食用动物源产品。
近一半的受访者报告遵循减少肉类饮食或努力减少动物源产品，国家和人口亚组之间存在差异。支持减少肉类的人口层面方法和政策可能会进一步减少动物源产品的消费。
