Hosoya Noriko, Sato Noriko, Sugimoto Kentaro, Amamiya Yuko, Taira Masumi
Department of Nursing, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2022 Aug 4;69(8):606-616. doi: 10.11236/jph.21-027. Epub 2022 May 12.
Objective To clarify the actual state of activities conducted by public health nurses (PHNs) during normal times and assess factors related to the implementation of such activities for the promotion of residents' mutual support during disasters, across different municipalities in Japan.Methods We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional self-report questionnaire survey of PHNs in 1,463 municipalities. The questionnaires included descriptions of municipalities, activities related to disaster prevention and the rationale for them, and the details of activities that were being conducted to promote residents' mutual support in times of disaster. We conducted multiple logistic analyses to examine the associated factors.Results We analyzed 535 responses (valid response rate of 36.6%). The proportion of municipalities in which oriented district activity systems and oriented business activity systems were used jointly by PHNs was 81.7%. The proportion of municipalities in which PHNs participated in the formulation of regional disaster prevention plans was 31.6%. "Individual support" would be implemented for persons requiring support in evacuation activities in 41.7% of municipalities; "cooperative support for community organizations," in 34.8%; and other "activities for the purpose of residents' mutual support," in 29.9%. Reasons for not implementing such measures included "outside the division of duties" and "having no contact with residents' organizations." Logistic regression analyses showed that the oriented district activity system, participation of PHNs in the formulation of regional disaster prevention plans, and preparation of an activity manual on disaster countermeasures for PHNs were significantly associated with the performance of activities during normal times for promotion of residents' mutual support during disasters.Conclusion Our findings clarified that the PHNs' activities during normal times for the promotion of residents' mutual support during disasters were not carried out sufficiently. It is important to review activities according to the district, to ensure supervisory PHNs play a greater role, to provide external support to municipalities for the participation of PHNs in the formulation of regional disaster prevention plans, and to prepare an activity manual on disaster countermeasures for PHNs.
目的 明确日本不同市町村公共卫生护士在平时开展的活动实际状况，并评估与开展此类活动以促进灾害期间居民相互支持相关的因素。
方法 我们对1463个市町村的公共卫生护士进行了全国性横断面自填式问卷调查。问卷内容包括市町村描述、与防灾相关的活动及其理由，以及为促进灾害期间居民相互支持而正在开展的活动细节。我们进行了多项逻辑分析以检查相关因素。
结果 我们分析了535份回复（有效回复率为36.6%）。公共卫生护士联合使用定向区域活动系统和定向商业活动系统的市町村比例为81.7%。公共卫生护士参与制定区域防灾计划的市町村比例为31.6%。41.7%的市町村将为疏散活动中需要支持的人员提供“个人支持”；34.8%的市町村提供“对社区组织的合作支持”；29.9%的市町村开展其他“旨在促进居民相互支持的活动”。不采取此类措施的原因包括“职责范围外”和“与居民组织无联系”。逻辑回归分析表明，定向区域活动系统、公共卫生护士参与制定区域防灾计划以及为公共卫生护士编写灾害应对活动手册与平时为促进灾害期间居民相互支持而开展的活动显著相关。
结论 我们的研究结果表明，公共卫生护士在平时为促进灾害期间居民相互支持而开展的活动开展得并不充分。有必要按区域审查活动，确保督导公共卫生护士发挥更大作用，为市町村提供外部支持以促使公共卫生护士参与制定区域防灾计划，并为公共卫生护士编写灾害应对活动手册。
