Swinger C A
Surv Ophthalmol. 1987 Jan-Feb;31(4):219-48. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(87)90023-3.
With the numerous significant advances in surgical methodology--e.g., microinstrumentation, the operating microscope, the surgical keratometer, and intraocular lenses--that have been developed over the past two decades, both surgeons and patients have become increasingly aware of the final optic result of any surgical intervention. This is especially so since the development of refractive surgery, where good uncorrected vision is frequently the final arbiter of success. We have progressed to the stage where the optic manipulation of the cornea, whether intentional or otherwise, can be understood in terms of a number of variables. These include the preparation and closure of the surgical wound, the choice of suture material, and both intraoperative and postoperative manipulations. Where these have failed and postoperative astigmatism still occurs, a number of surgical procedures are available to reduce the astigmatic error to an acceptable level.
在过去二十年里，外科手术方法取得了众多重大进展，例如显微器械、手术显微镜、手术角膜曲率计和人工晶状体等，外科医生和患者都越来越关注任何手术干预的最终视觉效果。自屈光手术发展以来尤其如此，良好的未矫正视力常常是成功的最终评判标准。我们已经发展到这样一个阶段，即角膜的光学操作，无论其是否是有意为之，都可以从多个变量的角度来理解。这些变量包括手术切口的制备与闭合、缝合材料的选择以及术中与术后的操作。当这些措施失败且术后散光仍然存在时，可以采用多种外科手术将散光误差降低到可接受的水平。
