Department of Health Care Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Healthcare Sciences and E-Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
BMC Womens Health. 2022 May 11;22(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01744-8.
Women experiencing homelessness have complex and multifaceted healthcare needs and yet they are an underserved population across healthcare services. Nurses are trained to perform an integral role in the provision of equitable healthcare and their attitudes towards homelessness may therefore influence the care that women experiencing homelessness receive. This study aimed to examine correlations between attitudes towards homelessness and caring behaviours, and to test if these correlations differed between the groups of women experiencing homelessness, registered nurses, and nursing students.
A cross-sectional design using convenience sampling was used to recruit women experiencing homelessness (n = 37), registered nurses (n = 90), and nursing students (n = 138) in Stockholm, Sweden between August 2019 and December 2020. The participants answered two questionnaires: the Attitudes Toward Homelessness Inventory and the Caring Behaviours Inventory-24. Correlations between ordinal variables were calculated using Spearman's rank correlation ρ. Tests of equality between two independent correlations were performed using a Z-test applied to Fisher's z-transformed correlations. An advisory board of women with lived experience of homelessness supported the interpretation of the results.
Weak, negative correlations were identified between the Attitudes Toward Homelessness Inventory and Caring Behaviours Inventory-24. The Attitudes Toward Homelessness Inventory mean total scores (SD) were 4.1 (0.6), 4.2 (0.6), 4.1 (0.5) points for the women experiencing homelessness, registered nurse, and nursing student groups, respectively, with the corresponding scores for the Caring Behaviours Inventory-24 being 4.1 (1.1), 5.2 (0.5), 4.8 (0.7) points, respectively.
To promote equitable health for women experiencing homelessness, healthcare providers and nurse educators should consider the role of stigmatising attitudes in relation to caring behaviours.
无家可归的妇女有着复杂多样的医疗需求，但她们在医疗服务中却是一个未得到充分服务的群体。护士接受过提供公平医疗服务的培训，因此他们对无家可归的态度可能会影响无家可归妇女所接受的护理。本研究旨在探讨对无家可归的态度与关怀行为之间的相关性，并检验这些相关性在无家可归妇女、注册护士和护理学生这三组人群之间是否存在差异。
本研究采用方便抽样法于 2019 年 8 月至 2020 年 12 月在瑞典斯德哥尔摩招募了无家可归的妇女（n=37）、注册护士（n=90）和护理学生（n=138）。参与者回答了两个问卷：《无家可归态度量表》和《关怀行为量表-24》。使用 Spearman 等级相关系数 ρ 计算有序变量之间的相关性。使用 Fisher z 变换相关系数的 Z 检验对两个独立相关性进行检验，以比较其相等性。一个由有过无家可归经历的妇女组成的顾问委员会为结果的解释提供了支持。
《无家可归态度量表》和《关怀行为量表-24》之间存在微弱的负相关。无家可归妇女、注册护士和护理学生组的《无家可归态度量表》总均数（SD）分别为 4.1（0.6）、4.2（0.6）、4.1（0.5）分，《关怀行为量表-24》的相应分数分别为 4.1（1.1）、5.2（0.5）、4.8（0.7）分。
为了促进无家可归妇女的公平健康，医疗保健提供者和护理教育者应考虑到污名化态度对关怀行为的影响。
