Independent Researcher, Bhopal, India.
Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India.
Curr Mol Med. 2023;23(8):784-798. doi: 10.2174/1566524022666220511123104.
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC), the foremost basis of malignancy-related death worldwide, evolves due to the stepwise amassing of a succession of genetic and epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic indicators are significant molecular hallmarks of malignancy. They play a big role in disease pathogenesis and are involved in almost all important cancer-related pathways. They can also be used as clinically useful cancer biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting how well treatment will work. Similarly, as gene changes in the malignant growth genome, a subset of driver genes attempts to play a useful part in CRC. Advances in our understanding of abnormal methylation in CRC have led to the development of epigenetic changes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and role of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic controllers. Beforehand, mass transcriptomics analysis is used to group CRC based on its distinctive molecular and clinicopathological features for prediction and patient analysis. The development of single-cell transcriptomics flipped the script by making it possible to evaluate the expression levels of particular neoplastic cells within a single tumor. Cell motility, growth, development, proliferation, DNA replication, recombination, their relationships with transcriptomics, and the CRC transcriptome analysis, have shown improvements. Progress in the appraisal of epigenetic alterations in CRC and their clinical applications has indicated that these changes will be ordinarily utilized as molecular markers to coordinate the anticipation and treatment of CRC. Recent improvements in our understanding of CRC and progress in genomics have led to the discovery of a number of epigenetic changes that are strongly linked to both the start and spread of cancer.
结直肠癌(CRC)是全球恶性肿瘤相关死亡的首要原因,它是由于一系列遗传和表观遗传改变的逐步积累而发展起来的。表观遗传标志物是恶性肿瘤的重要分子标志之一。它们在疾病发病机制中起着重要作用,并且参与了几乎所有重要的癌症相关途径。它们也可以作为临床有用的癌症生物标志物,用于诊断、预后和预测治疗效果。同样,作为恶性肿瘤基因组中基因变化的一部分,一些驱动基因试图在 CRC 中发挥有益的作用。我们对 CRC 中异常甲基化的认识的进步,导致了将表观遗传变化作为诊断和预后生物标志物的发展,以及非编码 RNA 作为表观遗传控制器的作用。在此之前,大规模转录组学分析用于根据 CRC 的独特分子和临床病理特征对其进行分组,以进行预测和患者分析。单细胞转录组学的发展通过评估单个肿瘤内特定肿瘤细胞的表达水平改变了这一局面。细胞运动、生长、发育、增殖、DNA 复制、重组及其与转录组学的关系,以及 CRC 转录组分析都取得了进展。对 CRC 中表观遗传改变及其临床应用的评估进展表明,这些改变通常将被用作分子标志物来协调 CRC 的预防和治疗。我们对 CRC 的理解的最新进展和基因组学的进步,导致了许多与癌症的起始和扩散密切相关的表观遗传改变的发现。