Animal Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia.
Livestock Research Office, Bonga Livestock Research Center, Bonga, Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia.
PeerJ. 2022 May 6;10:e13253. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13253. eCollection 2022.
Bovine mastitis is the commonest episode of infection in the dairy industry, which often occurs after damage of epithelial cells lining the teat duct. It is ranked as the second most important cause of milk production loss directly and a devastating disease with a higher incidence leading to the culling of dairy cows. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed to quantitatively estimate the current status of mastitis in general and bacterial mastitis particular in Ethiopia.
A literature search was carried from major databases and indexing services including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct. Also, local institution repositories were searched to retrieve unpublished MSc and PhD theses. All studies were included addressing the prevalence of mastitis and bacterial isolates conducted in Ethiopia. Microsoft Excel was used to extract data and was imported to R Studio for the analyses. The random-effects model at a 95% confidence level was used for pooled estimates of outcomes. The degree of heterogeneity was computed by Higgins's I statistics. Publication bias was checked by using the funnel plots of standard error augmented by Begg's and Egger's tests.
A total of 46 studies with 15,780 cows were included in this study. All studies have collected 18,478 suspected samples for bacterial isolation. While pooled prevalence estimate of mastitis was 47.6%, the bacterial isolates pooled prevalence was 33.1%. The bacterial mastitis was 6.5% in cows infected by clinical patients and was 28.3% subclinical patients. The common isolates were , species, , , , Coagulase Negative and species. A univariate meta-regression analysis evidenced that the type of mastitis and management system was a possible source of heterogeneity (-value = 0.001).
The pooled prevalence of bacterial mastitis in Ethiopian dairy cattle was high. The analysis showed bacterial pathogens like , , species and Coagulase Negative are majorly accounted for bovine mastitis in Ethiopia. Therefore, the highly prevalent and commonly isolated pathogens cause contagious mastitis which require immediate attention by dairy producers to put under control by devising robust mastitis prevention and control interventions.
牛乳腺炎是奶牛养殖业中最常见的感染事件，通常发生在乳导管衬里的上皮细胞受损之后。它是仅次于产奶量直接损失的第二大重要原因，也是一种破坏性疾病，发病率较高，导致奶牛被淘汰。因此，本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在定量评估乳腺炎（包括细菌性乳腺炎）在埃塞俄比亚的现状。
从主要数据库和索引服务（包括 PubMed、Google Scholar、Science Direct）进行文献检索，并检索当地机构的知识库以获取未发表的硕士和博士论文。所有研究都针对在埃塞俄比亚进行的乳腺炎和细菌分离株患病率进行了探讨。使用 Microsoft Excel 提取数据，并将其导入 R Studio 进行分析。使用 95%置信水平的随机效应模型进行汇总结果的估计。通过 Higgins 的 I 统计量计算异质性程度。使用标准误差的漏斗图并结合 Begg 和 Egger 检验检查发表偏倚。
本研究共纳入了 46 项研究，涉及 15780 头奶牛。所有研究共采集了 18478 份疑似细菌分离样本。乳腺炎的汇总患病率估计值为 47.6%，细菌分离株的汇总患病率为 33.1%。临床病例的奶牛中细菌性乳腺炎为 6.5%，亚临床病例的奶牛中细菌性乳腺炎为 28.3%。常见的分离株为 、 、 、 、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和 。单变量荟萃回归分析表明，乳腺炎类型和管理系统可能是异质性的来源（-值=0.001）。
埃塞俄比亚奶牛的细菌性乳腺炎汇总患病率较高。分析表明，像 、 、 等细菌病原体和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌是埃塞俄比亚牛乳腺炎的主要病原体。因此，高度流行和常见的病原体引起传染性乳腺炎，这需要奶牛生产者立即关注，通过制定强有力的乳腺炎预防和控制干预措施来加以控制。
