肯尼亚卡卡约中县奶牛乳中隐性乳腺炎的流行情况、相关危险因素和分离细菌的抗菌药物敏感性模式。
Prevalence of subclinical mastitis, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from milk of dairy cattle in Kajiado Central sub-county, Kenya.
机构信息
Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Animal Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.
出版信息
Vet Med Sci. 2023 Nov;9(6):2885-2892. doi: 10.1002/vms3.1291. Epub 2023 Oct 4.
BACKGROUND
Literature is scarce on the occurrence of bovine mastitis and antimicrobial resistance among dairy animals kept by pastoralists in the Kenya.
OBJECTIVES
A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from dairy cattle kept by farmers in Kajiado Central sub-county, Kenya.
METHODS
A total of 202 lactating cows from 40 farms were sampled. Milk from the cows was screened for SCM using the California mastitis test, and the bacteria present in the milk samples were determined using standard bacteriological methods. The sensitivity of the isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus against antibiotics was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.
RESULTS
The prevalence of SCM at quarter- and cow-level was 31.7% and 53%, respectively. The prevalence of SCM was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in exotic breeds of cattle and those kept under an extensive system of production. A total of 19 bacterial species were isolated with the majority being CNS (40.1%), S. aureus (15.8%) and Micrococcus spp. (10.4%). S. aureus isolates showed varied resistance to the tested antibiotics with the highest resistance being against ceftazidime (75%), amoxycillin (50%) and streptomycin (46.9%). Several S. aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin (34.4%) and cefoxitin (12.5%). CNSs were more resistant against ceftazidime (79.1%), amoxycillin (34.6%) and oxacillin (32.1%). Majority (92%-100%) of the Staphylococcus spp. were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin a fluoroquinolone and augmentin.
CONCLUSIONS
The high prevalence of SCM and bacteria resistant to antibiotics shows a need for animal health professionals and farmers to develop strategies for the management of mastitis and antibiotic resistance in dairy cows in the study area.
背景
关于肯尼亚牧民饲养的奶牛乳腺炎和抗生素耐药性的文献很少。
目的
本研究开展了一项横断面研究，旨在调查肯尼亚卡贾多中央县农民饲养的奶牛隐性乳腺炎（SCM）的流行率和危险因素，并评估从奶牛奶样中分离出的细菌的抗生素敏感性。
方法
从 40 个农场中抽取了 202 头泌乳奶牛。使用加利福尼亚乳腺炎测试（CMT）对奶牛的牛奶进行 SCM 筛查，并使用标准细菌学方法确定牛奶样本中的细菌。使用 Kirby-Bauer 圆盘扩散法测试分离的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）和金黄色葡萄球菌对抗生素的敏感性。
结果
牛群和牛只水平的 SCM 流行率分别为 31.7%和 53%。外来品种牛和采用粗放生产系统饲养的牛的 SCM 流行率显著更高（p<0.05）。共分离出 19 种细菌，其中 CNS（40.1%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（15.8%）和微球菌属（10.4%）最为常见。金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对所测试的抗生素表现出不同程度的耐药性，其中对头孢他啶（75%）、阿莫西林（50%）和链霉素（46.9%）的耐药性最高。一些金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对苯唑西林（34.4%）和头孢西丁（12.5%）耐药。CNS 对头孢他啶（79.1%）、阿莫西林（34.6%）和苯唑西林（32.1%）的耐药性更高。大多数（92%-100%）葡萄球菌属对氟喹诺酮类环丙沙星和奥格门汀高度敏感。
结论
SCM 的高流行率以及对抗生素耐药的细菌表明，动物健康专业人员和农民需要制定策略，以管理研究地区奶牛的乳腺炎和抗生素耐药性。
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