Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Health Services Research, Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian University of Lifesciences, Institute of Public Health Science, Ås, Norway.
Scand J Public Health. 2023 May;51(3):422-429. doi: 10.1177/14034948221085399. Epub 2022 May 12.
Poor health among immigrants has been associated with longer duration of residence in the host country, poor host language proficiency and low education. However, the interplay among these factors is under-studied.
To assess health among immigrants in Norway by combinations of duration of residence, Norwegian language proficiency and education.
In 2015/2016 Statistics Norway carried out two cross-sectional Living Conditions Surveys in the general adult population (=5703, response rate 59%) and among immigrants from 12 countries, with ⩾2 years of residence (=3993, response rate 54%). Health outcomes (poor self-reported health, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, mental health problems, back/neck pain) were assessed with logistic regressions according to combinations of duration of residence, Norwegian language proficiency and education.
Negative health conditions were more common among immigrants than in the general population, and varied by duration of residence, proficiency in the Norwegian language and education. In age- and sex-adjusted regressions, immigrants had higher odds of all negative health conditions, except hypertension, regardless of their duration of residence, proficiency of the Norwegian language and educational level. Immigrants with a long duration of residence and poor proficiency in the Norwegian language had the highest odds of negative health conditions.
Special attention is warranted towards health among immigrants who have lived in Norway the longest without acquiring good Norwegian language proficiency.
移民的健康状况较差与在东道国居住时间较长、语言能力较差和受教育程度较低有关。然而，这些因素之间的相互作用研究较少。
通过居住时间、挪威语水平和教育程度的组合来评估挪威移民的健康状况。
2015/2016 年，挪威统计局在普通成年人群中（=5703 人，应答率为 59%）和在居住时间 ⩾2 年的 12 个国家移民中（=3993 人，应答率为 54%）进行了两次横断面生活条件调查。使用逻辑回归根据居住时间、挪威语熟练程度和教育程度的组合评估健康结果（自我报告健康状况差、糖尿病、心血管疾病、高血压、肥胖、心理健康问题、腰背/颈部疼痛）。
与普通人群相比，移民的负面健康状况更为常见，且因居住时间、挪威语熟练程度和教育程度而异。在年龄和性别调整后的回归中，无论居住时间、挪威语熟练程度和教育程度如何，移民都有更高的各种负面健康状况的几率，除了高血压。在挪威居住时间长且挪威语能力较差的移民负面健康状况的几率最高。
需要特别关注在挪威居住时间最长且未掌握良好挪威语能力的移民的健康问题。
