Unit for Migration & Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway.
Institute of Public Health Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
PLoS One. 2022 Jan 31;17(1):e0263242. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263242. eCollection 2022.
We aimed to investigate and compare activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), poor self-rated health and the health behaviours among immigrants and the native population in Norway. We present results from analysis of two Norwegian surveys, (Living Conditions Survey on Health from 2015, Living Conditions Survey among Immigrants 2016). Using logistic regression models, odds ratios were estimated for functional ability, self-reported health, and health behavior among immigrants, with Norwegian born being the reference category. The first model was controlled for age and gender and the second model was additionally adjusted for educational level. Our analysis included 5343 participants, 2853 men (913 immigrants), and 2481 women (603 immigrants), aged 45-79 years. The age-group 45-66 years includes n = 4187 (immigrants n = 1431, men n = 856; women n = 575) and 67-79 years n = 1147 (immigrants n = 85, men n = 57; women n = 28). The percentage of Norwegians having ≥ 14 years of education was 86%, as compared to 56% among immigrants. The percentage of immigrants with no education at all was 11%. The employment rate among the Norwegian eldest age group was nearly double (14%) as compared to the immigrant group. Adjusted for age, gender and education, immigrants had higher odds than Norwegian of ADL and IADL, chronic diseases and overweight. There were no differences between immigrants and Norwegians in prevalence of poor self-reported health and smoking. Overall elderly immigrants are worse-off than Norwegians in parameters of health and functioning. Knowledge about health and functioning of elderly immigrants can provide a basis for evidence-based policies and interventions to ensure the best possible health for a growing number of elderly immigrants. Furthermore, for a better surveillance, planning of programs, making policies, decisions and improved assessment and implementation, ADL and IADLs limitations should be included as a variable in public health studies.
我们旨在调查和比较挪威移民和本地居民的日常生活活动（ADL）、工具性日常生活活动（IADL）、自我报告健康状况不佳和健康行为。我们呈现了两项挪威调查的分析结果，（2015 年健康生活条件调查和 2016 年移民生活条件调查）。使用逻辑回归模型，根据挪威出生的人作为参考类别，估计了移民的功能能力、自我报告健康和健康行为的优势比。第一个模型控制了年龄和性别，第二个模型还调整了教育水平。我们的分析包括 5343 名参与者，其中 2853 名男性（913 名移民）和 2481 名女性（603 名移民），年龄在 45-79 岁之间。45-66 岁年龄组包括 n = 4187（移民 n = 1431，男性 n = 856；女性 n = 575）和 67-79 岁 n = 1147（移民 n = 85，男性 n = 57；女性 n = 28）。有 86%的挪威人接受了≥14 年的教育，而移民中这一比例为 56%。完全没有受过教育的移民比例为 11%。挪威年龄最大的那组人的就业率几乎是移民组的两倍（14%）。调整年龄、性别和教育因素后，与挪威人相比，移民更有可能出现日常生活活动和工具性日常生活活动、慢性病和超重的情况。移民和挪威人在自我报告健康状况不佳和吸烟方面没有差异。总的来说，老年移民在健康和功能方面的状况不如挪威人。了解老年移民的健康和功能状况可为制定基于证据的政策和干预措施提供依据，以确保越来越多的老年移民拥有尽可能好的健康状况。此外，为了更好地进行监测、规划项目、制定政策、做出决策并改进评估和实施，日常生活活动和工具性日常生活活动的限制应作为公共卫生研究中的一个变量。
