Department of Child Health, DR. Sardjito Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55284, Indonesia.
Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 May 12;22(1):273. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03341-y.
Poor diets, characterized by excess fat, sugar and sodium intakes, are considered to be one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Diet patterns and intakes during adolescence may persist into adulthood and impact on risk for chronic disease later in life. We aimed to evaluate the dietary intake of obese adolescents and its relationship to cardiometabolic health including lipid status and glycemic control.
This was a cross-sectional study of obese children aged 15 to < 18 years in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. All children had a medical history performed including a physical examination and fasting blood sample. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative recall food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression model was performed to determine the relationship between dietary intakes and cardiovascular disease risks and to adjust for potential confounders.
Of 179 adolescents, 101 (57.4%) were male and median age was 16.4 (15.0-17.9) years. The majority of adolescents (98%) had inadequate intake of fibre and exceeded intakes of total fat (65%) and total sugar (36%). There was statistically significant correlation found in the multivariable linear regression analysis between fibre intake and HDL cholesterol after adjusting for potential confounders (β = 0.165; p = 0.033).
This study demonstrates that there is a high proportion of obese Indonesian adolescents with poor dietary intakes. There was relationship observed between intake of nutrients of concern (fibre) and cardiometabolic risk factor among this sample of obese adolescents. Future research should examine overall dietary patterns in more detail among this population to elucidate the role of poor diet intakes in development of cardiovascular disease risk factors in young people transitioning into adulthood.
不良饮食，其特点是摄入过多的脂肪、糖和钠，被认为是心血管疾病最重要的可改变的风险因素之一。青少年时期的饮食模式和摄入量可能会持续到成年期，并影响以后生活中慢性疾病的风险。我们旨在评估肥胖青少年的饮食摄入情况及其与心血管代谢健康的关系，包括血脂状况和血糖控制。
这是一项在印度尼西亚日惹对 15 至<18 岁肥胖儿童进行的横断面研究。所有儿童均进行了病史检查，包括体格检查和空腹血样采集。饮食摄入情况使用半定量回忆食物频率问卷进行评估。采用多元线性回归模型来确定饮食摄入与心血管疾病风险之间的关系，并调整潜在的混杂因素。
在 179 名青少年中，有 101 名（57.4%）为男性，中位年龄为 16.4（15.0-17.9）岁。大多数青少年（98%）膳食纤维摄入量不足，总脂肪（65%）和总糖（36%）摄入量超标。在调整潜在混杂因素后，多元线性回归分析发现纤维摄入量与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇之间存在统计学显著相关性（β=0.165；p=0.033）。
本研究表明，印度尼西亚肥胖青少年中存在相当大比例的不良饮食摄入。在该肥胖青少年样本中，观察到了摄入有问题的营养素（膳食纤维）与心血管代谢危险因素之间的关系。未来的研究应该更详细地研究该人群的整体饮食模式，以阐明不良饮食摄入在年轻人向成年期过渡过程中导致心血管疾病风险因素发展中的作用。
