Kantor M L, Norton L A
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987 May;91(5):414-26. doi: 10.1016/0889-5406(87)90394-5.
Lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs are used routinely in the diagnosis and quantification of dentofacial anomalies that require orthodontic treatment. The anatomic information that these films contain is occasionally overlooked as the clinician prepares tracings and makes measurements. With the increase of the average age of the orthodontic patient population, there is greater likelihood of the presence of disease. This article describes some important features of normal radiologic anatomy of the head and neck so that a clinician can better recognize pathologic changes. Common pathologic findings and anatomic anomalies are also illustrated.
侧位和后前位头颅测量X线片常用于诊断和量化需要正畸治疗的牙颌面畸形。当临床医生准备描绘和测量时，这些片子所包含的解剖学信息偶尔会被忽视。随着正畸患者平均年龄的增加，患病的可能性更大。本文描述了头颈部正常放射解剖学的一些重要特征，以便临床医生能更好地识别病理变化。文中还展示了常见的病理表现和解剖学异常。
