Division of Internal Medicine, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano (PD), Italy.
Department of Medicina Animale, Produzione e Salute, Padua University, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
J Feline Med Surg. 2022 Aug;24(8):e142-e152. doi: 10.1177/1098612X221094663. Epub 2022 May 13.
The aim of the study was to determine whether cardiogenic pleural effusion in cats is associated with a lower risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) compared with cats with cardiac disease without evidence of pleural effusion.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on owned cats with natural occurring cardiac diseases. Cats included were classified in three groups: those with cardiac disease but no evidence of congestive heart failure (CHF); those with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema; and those with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion. Prevalence of ATE was calculated and the variables analysed for an association with this outcome were the presence and type of CHF, sex and neuter status, age, breed, type of cardiac diseases and left atrial (LA) dimension. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to fit the association between ATE and these variables.
A total of 366 cats with cardiac disease met the inclusion criteria: 179 were included in the group with cardiac disease but no evidence of CHF, 66 in the group with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and 121 in the group with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion. Prevalence of ATE (58/366 [15.8%]) was significantly different among groups (with no evidence of CHF, 28/179 [15.6%]; with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, 22/66 [33.3%]; with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion, 8/121 [6.6%]; <0.001). Cats with ATE had a significantly higher LA to aortic root ratio (2.30 ± 0.46) than those without ATE (2.04 ± 0.46; <0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the group with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion was associated with a lower risk of developing ATE compared with groups with cardiac disease but no evidence of CHF and with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema ( = 0.005 and <0.001, respectively).
Presence of cardiogenic pleural effusion is associated with a lower risk of developing ATE, while LA enlargement is a risk factor for ATE.
本研究旨在确定与无胸腔积液的心衰证据的心脏疾病猫相比，猫的心源性胸腔积液是否与较低的动脉血栓栓塞（ATE）风险相关。
对患有自然发生的心脏疾病的家养猫进行了一项横断面研究。将猫分为三组：有心脏疾病但无充血性心力衰竭（CHF）证据的组；有充血性肺水肿证据的组；有充血性胸腔积液证据的组。计算 ATE 的患病率，并分析与该结果相关的变量，包括 CHF 的存在和类型、性别和去势状态、年龄、品种、心脏疾病类型和左心房（LA）大小。使用多变量逻辑回归模型拟合 ATE 与这些变量之间的关联。
共有 366 只患有心脏疾病的猫符合纳入标准：179 只纳入无 CHF 证据的心脏疾病组，66 只纳入有充血性肺水肿证据的心脏疾病组，121 只纳入有充血性胸腔积液证据的心脏疾病组。ATE 的患病率（58/366 [15.8%]）在各组之间差异显著（无 CHF 证据组为 28/179 [15.6%]；充血性肺水肿证据组为 22/66 [33.3%]；充血性胸腔积液证据组为 8/121 [6.6%]；<0.001）。患有 ATE 的猫的 LA 与主动脉根部比值（2.30±0.46）明显高于无 ATE 的猫（2.04±0.46；<0.001）。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，与无 CHF 证据的心脏疾病组和充血性肺水肿证据的心脏疾病组相比，充血性胸腔积液证据组发生 ATE 的风险较低（ = 0.005 和 <0.001）。
存在充血性胸腔积液与发生 ATE 的风险较低相关，而 LA 增大是 ATE 的危险因素。
