Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Aug 15;316:115225. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115225. Epub 2022 May 9.
Albeit the biodiesel production from suspended microalgal system has gained immense interests in recent years, the domineering limitation of being economically infeasible has hindered this technology from partaking into a large-scale operation. To curtail this issue, attached growth system had been introduced by various studies; however, those were still unable to alleviate the socio-economic challenges faced in commercializing the microalgal biomass production. Thus, this study had developed a novel approach in cultivating-cum-harvesting attached Chlorella vulgaris sp. microalgae, whilst using solid organic waste of palm kernel expeller (PKE) as the supporting and alimentation material for microalgal biofilm formation. The effects of three variables, namely, PKE dosage, light intensity, and photoperiod, were initially modelled and later optimized using Response Surface Methodology tool. The derived statistical models could predict the growth performances of attached microalgal biomass and lipid productivity. The optimum growing condition was attained at PKE dosage of 5.67 g/L, light intensity of 197 μmol/m s and photoperiod of 8 light and 16 dark hours/cycle, achieving the microalgal density and lipid content of 9.87 ± 0.05 g/g and 3.39 ± 0.28 g/g, respectively, with lipid productivity of 29.6 mg/L day. This optimum condition had led to the intensification of biodiesel quality with a high percentage of monounsaturated fatty acid, i.e., oleic acid (C18:1), encompassing 81.86% of total fatty acid methyl ester components. Given that the positive acquisition of PKE as an excellent supporting material in enhancing the microalgal density and lipid productivity that had resulted in the commercially viable biodiesel quality, this study served as a novel revolution in augmenting the microalgae and solid waste utilities for sustainable energy generation.
尽管悬浮微藻系统生产生物柴油近年来引起了广泛关注，但由于经济上不可行的主导限制，这项技术无法进行大规模应用。为了解决这个问题，各种研究都引入了附着生长系统；然而，这些系统仍然无法缓解在商业化生产微藻生物质方面面临的社会经济挑战。因此，本研究开发了一种新的方法，在使用棕榈仁粕（PKE）等固体有机废物作为微藻生物膜形成的支撑和营养物质的同时，培养和收获附着的普通小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris sp.）。首先对三个变量（即 PKE 用量、光照强度和光周期）进行了模型建立，然后使用响应面法工具进行了优化。所得到的统计模型可以预测附着微藻生物质的生长性能和产油量。最佳生长条件为 PKE 用量 5.67 g/L、光照强度 197 μmol/m s 和光周期 8 光 16 暗小时/周期，此时微藻密度和脂质含量分别达到 9.87±0.05 g/g 和 3.39±0.28 g/g，产油率为 29.6 mg/L 天。在最佳条件下，生物柴油质量得到了强化，具有高比例的单不饱和脂肪酸，即油酸（C18:1），占总脂肪酸甲酯成分的 81.86%。鉴于 PKE 作为一种增强微藻密度和产油率的优良支撑材料的积极作用，从而得到了具有商业可行性的生物柴油质量，本研究为增强微藻和固体废弃物在可持续能源生产中的利用提供了一种新的革命。
