Benchoula Khaled, Mediani Ahmed, Hwa Wong Eng
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
J Cell Commun Signal. 2023 Mar;17(1):25-34. doi: 10.1007/s12079-022-00680-4. Epub 2022 May 12.
The increase in blood glucose causes a myriad of pathways and molecular components to malfunction, leading to diabetes. Diabetes affects each organ differently by activating distinct pathways. It has an impact on the liver, pancreas, kidney (nephropathy), eyes (retinopathy), and nervous system (neuropathy). Understanding the effects of diabetes on each organ is the first step in developing a sustained treatment for the disease. Among the many cellular molecules impacted by diabetes is Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a complex Ca/calmodulin-activated serine/threonine-protein kinase. When intracellular [Ca] rises, it binds to calmodulin (CaM) to produce Ca/CaM, which activates CaMKIIs. This factor is involved in the pancreas, liver, heart, muscles, and various organs. Thus, Understanding CaMKII action in each organ is critical for gaining a complete picture of diabetic complications. Therefore, this review covers CaMKII's functions in many organs and how it affects and has been affected by diabetes.
血糖升高会导致无数的信号通路和分子成分发生故障,从而引发糖尿病。糖尿病通过激活不同的信号通路对各个器官产生不同的影响。它会影响肝脏、胰腺、肾脏(肾病)、眼睛(视网膜病变)和神经系统(神经病变)。了解糖尿病对每个器官的影响是开发该疾病持续治疗方法的第一步。糖尿病影响的众多细胞分子中包括钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶II(CaMKII),它是一种复杂的钙/钙调蛋白激活的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶。当细胞内[Ca]升高时,它会与钙调蛋白(CaM)结合产生Ca/CaM,从而激活CaMKII。这个因子涉及胰腺、肝脏、心脏、肌肉和各种器官。因此,了解CaMKII在每个器官中的作用对于全面了解糖尿病并发症至关重要。因此,本综述涵盖了CaMKII在许多器官中的功能以及它如何影响糖尿病以及受糖尿病影响的情况。