献血者中的戊型肝炎病毒：病毒感染的潜在来源？
Hepatitis E virus in blood donors from Argentina: A possible source of viral infection?
机构信息
Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómes s/n, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómes s/n, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina; Fundación Banco Central de Sangre, Caseros 1576, CP: 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
出版信息
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022 Jul-Aug;48:102355. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102355. Epub 2022 May 10.
BACKGROUND
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute hepatitis, which can progress to chronicity in immunosuppressed patients. It is transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral or zoonotic routes, but there is current evidence that it can be transmitted by blood transfusions. The objective of the study was to investigate HEV infections in blood donors in Argentina, within the framework of a hemovigilance program.
METHODS
A total of 547 samples from Argentinean blood donors, collected in 2016, 2019 and 2020 was studied for IgG and IgM anti-HEV by ELISA (Diapro) and RNA HEV by RT-real time PCR and RT-Nested-PCR.
RESULTS
The prevalence of IgG anti-HEV was 3.47% (19/547). No significant differences were registered according to the year studied, sex or age. The presence of RNA HEV was observed in 0.18% (1/547) of the donors studied without serological evidence of infection.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first molecular detection in blood donors from Argentina, showing a molecular prevalence within the range described for RNA-HEV in blood donors from other non-endemic countries, in which immunocompetent RNA-HEV positive donors without serological evidence of infection were identified. The presence of viraemic donors could imply transfusion transmission, which deserves further attention and study.
背景
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）可引起急性肝炎，在免疫抑制患者中可进展为慢性肝炎。其主要通过粪-口或动物源性途径传播，但目前有证据表明它可通过输血传播。本研究旨在调查阿根廷献血者中的 HEV 感染情况，这是在血液监测计划的框架内进行的。
方法
共研究了 2016 年、2019 年和 2020 年采集的 547 份阿根廷献血者样本，采用 ELISA（Diapro）检测 IgG 和 IgM 抗-HEV，采用 RT-实时 PCR 和 RT-巢式 PCR 检测 RNA HEV。
结果
IgG 抗-HEV 的流行率为 3.47%（19/547）。按研究年份、性别或年龄分组，均未观察到显著差异。在研究的献血者中，有 0.18%（1/547）存在 RNA HEV，而没有感染的血清学证据。
结论
这是阿根廷献血者中首次进行的分子检测，显示出与其他非流行国家献血者的 RNA-HEV 分子流行率一致，在这些国家中，鉴定出了无血清学感染证据但免疫功能正常的 RNA-HEV 阳性献血者。病毒血症供者的存在可能意味着输血传播，这值得进一步关注和研究。
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