Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Aug;30(4):1189-1205. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-00987-z. Epub 2022 May 13.
It has been reported that corticosteroid therapy was effective in the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and recently in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory drugs that mitigate the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia, despite a reduction of viral clearance; corticosteroids inhibit the development of cytokine storm and multi-organ damage. The risk-benefit ratio should be assessed for critical COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, corticosteroid therapy is an effective way in the management of COVID-19, it reduces the risk of complications primarily acute lung injury and the development of ARDS. Besides, corticosteroid therapy mainly dexamethasone and methylprednisolone are effective in reducing the severity of COVID-19 and associated comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
据报道，皮质类固醇治疗在严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）和中东呼吸综合征（MERS）的治疗中有效，最近在 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）中也有效。皮质类固醇是一种有效的抗炎药物，可降低 COVID-19 和其他病毒性肺炎发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的风险，尽管病毒清除率降低；皮质类固醇可抑制细胞因子风暴和多器官损伤的发展。对于重症 COVID-19 患者，应评估风险效益比。总之，皮质类固醇治疗是 COVID-19 治疗的有效方法，可降低主要是急性肺损伤和 ARDS 发展的并发症风险。此外，皮质类固醇治疗主要是地塞米松和甲泼尼龙，可有效降低 COVID-19 的严重程度和相关合并症，如慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、类风湿关节炎和炎症性肠病（IBD）。
