Akbaş Anna, Marszałek Wojciech, Drozd Sławomir, Czarny Wojciech, Król Paweł, Warchoł Krzysztof, Słomka Kajetan J, Rzepko Marian
Department of Motor Human Behavior, Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 72a Mikołowska Str., 40-065, Katowice, Poland.
Institute of Physical Culture, University of Rzeszów, 16c Aleja Rejtana Str., 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 May 13;14(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00477-3.
Due to the high postural control demands of sport ju-jitsu, it is likely that long-term sport ju-jitsu training may induce sport-specific adaptations in postural control, especially in positions directly related to combat. The aim of the study was to assess the differences in postural control between elite sport ju-jitsu athletes and untrained controls in non-ecological and ecological conditions and to investigate the relative contribution of spinal and supraspinal mechanisms to postural control in expert athletes.
The study was conducted on eleven male elite ju-jitsu athletes and ten non-athletes. The data was collected with the use of a force plate under two conditions: quiet standing and ju-jitsu combat stance. Apart from the standard analysis of the spatial-temporal parameters of center of foot pressure, non-linear measures were used, namely rambling-trembling and sample entropy. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare both groups.
The main findings of the study showed that in quiet standing, elite ju-jitsu athletes and non-athletes had comparable postural control in both the anterior-posterior and mediolateral planes. In contrast, in the combat stance, elite athletes had lower values of postural sway and rambling component (range and rms) and higher values of sample entropy in comparison to the non-athletes (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the trembling component of sway between groups in the combat stance (p < 0.05).
Smaller postural sway and its rambling component in sport ju-jitsu athletes may indicate the more precise control of center of foot pressure and improved ability in estimating its position. The sample entropy results confirmed that the displacement of center of foot pressure for sport ju-jitsu athletes was more irregular, which demonstrates greater automatization in postural control. The results also confirm the importance of ecological validity in investigating postural adaptations associated with sports expertise.
由于竞技柔术对姿势控制的要求很高，长期的竞技柔术训练可能会在姿势控制方面引发特定于该运动的适应性变化，尤其是在与格斗直接相关的姿势中。本研究的目的是评估精英竞技柔术运动员与未经训练的对照组在非生态和生态条件下姿势控制的差异，并研究脊柱和脊髓上机制对专家级运动员姿势控制的相对贡献。
该研究对11名男性精英柔术运动员和10名非运动员进行。数据是在两种条件下使用测力台收集的：安静站立和柔术格斗姿势。除了对足底压力中心的时空参数进行标准分析外，还使用了非线性测量方法，即漫步-颤抖和样本熵。采用非参数曼-惠特尼U检验对两组进行比较。
该研究的主要结果表明，在安静站立时，精英柔术运动员和非运动员在前后平面和内外侧平面上的姿势控制相当。相比之下，在格斗姿势中，与非运动员相比，精英运动员的姿势摆动和漫步分量（范围和均方根）值较低，样本熵值较高（p<0.05）。在格斗姿势中，两组之间的摆动颤抖分量没有差异（p<0.05）。
竞技柔术运动员较小的姿势摆动及其漫步分量可能表明对足底压力中心的控制更精确，以及估计其位置的能力有所提高。样本熵结果证实，竞技柔术运动员足底压力中心的位移更不规则，这表明姿势控制具有更高的自动化程度。研究结果还证实了生态有效性在研究与运动专长相关的姿势适应性方面的重要性。
