Valvo Mario, Floraki Christina, Paillard Elie, Edström Kristina, Vernardou Dimitra
Ångström Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Apr 22;12(9):1436. doi: 10.3390/nano12091436.
The necessity for large scale and sustainable energy storage systems is increasing. Lithium-ion batteries have been extensively utilized over the past decades for a range of applications including electronic devices and electric vehicles due to their distinguishing characteristics. Nevertheless, their massive deployment can be questionable due to use of critical materials as well as limited lithium resources and growing costs of extraction. One of the emerging alternative candidates is potassium-ion battery technology due to potassium's extensive reserves along with its physical and chemical properties similar to lithium. The challenge to develop anode materials with good rate capability, stability and high safety yet remains. Iron oxides are potentially promising anodes for both battery systems due to their high theoretical capacity, low cost and abundant reserves, which aligns with the targets of large-scale application and limited environmental footprint. However, they present relevant limitations such as low electronic conductivity, significant volume changes and inadequate energy efficiency. In this review, we discuss some recent design strategies of iron oxide-based materials for both electrochemical systems and highlight the relationships of their structure performance in nanostructured anodes. Finally, we outline challenges and opportunities for these materials for possible development of KIBs as a complementary technology to LIBs.
大规模且可持续的储能系统的需求日益增加。在过去几十年里，锂离子电池因其独特的特性被广泛应用于包括电子设备和电动汽车在内的一系列应用中。然而，由于关键材料的使用、锂资源有限以及提取成本不断上升，其大规模部署可能存在问题。新兴的替代候选技术之一是钾离子电池技术，因为钾储量丰富，且其物理和化学性质与锂相似。然而，开发具有良好倍率性能、稳定性和高安全性的负极材料仍然面临挑战。由于具有高理论容量、低成本和储量丰富等特点，铁氧化物对于这两种电池系统而言都是具有潜在前景的负极材料，这与大规模应用的目标以及有限的环境足迹相契合。然而，它们存在一些相关的局限性，如电子电导率低、体积变化大以及能量效率不足。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于这两种电化学系统的铁氧化物基材料的一些最新设计策略，并突出了它们在纳米结构负极中的结构性能关系。最后，我们概述了这些材料在钾离子电池作为锂离子电池互补技术可能发展方面所面临的挑战和机遇。
