Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Adv Mater. 2019 Mar;31(9):e1800863. doi: 10.1002/adma.201800863. Epub 2018 Jul 8.
The ever-increasing demands for batteries with high energy densities to power the portable electronics with increased power consumption and to advance vehicle electrification and grid energy storage have propelled lithium battery technology to a position of tremendous importance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, known with many appealing properties, are investigated intensely for improving the performance of lithium-ion (Li-ion) and lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, a general and objective understanding of their actual role in Li-ion and Li-S batteries is lacking. It is recognized that CNTs and graphene are not appropriate active lithium storage materials, but are more like a regulator: they do not electrochemically react with lithium ions and electrons, but serve to regulate the lithium storage behavior of a specific electroactive material and increase the range of applications of a lithium battery. First, metrics for the evaluation of lithium batteries are discussed, based on which the regulating role of CNTs and graphene in Li-ion and Li-S batteries is comprehensively considered from fundamental electrochemical reactions to electrode structure and integral cell design. Finally, perspectives on how CNTs and graphene can further contribute to the development of lithium batteries are presented.
为了满足日益增长的需求，人们希望电池能够提供更高的能量密度，以满足便携式电子设备不断增加的功耗需求，并推动电动汽车和电网储能的发展。因此，锂电池技术的重要性日益凸显。碳纳米管（CNTs）和石墨烯具有许多吸引人的特性，因此被广泛研究，以期改善锂离子（Li-ion）和锂硫（Li-S）电池的性能。然而，对于它们在锂离子和锂硫电池中的实际作用，还缺乏普遍和客观的认识。人们认识到，CNTs 和石墨烯本身并不是合适的活性锂存储材料，而更像是一种调节剂：它们不与锂离子和电子发生电化学反应，而是调节特定电活性材料的锂存储行为，并拓宽锂电池的应用范围。首先，讨论了评估锂电池的指标，在此基础上，从基础电化学反应到电极结构和整体电池设计，全面考虑了 CNTs 和石墨烯在锂离子和锂硫电池中的调节作用。最后，提出了 CNTs 和石墨烯如何进一步促进锂电池发展的观点。
