Pachena Abgail, Musekiwa Alfred
School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 24;19(9):5165. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095165.
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), aged 15−24 years, experience higher HIV incidence compared to their male counterparts, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the HIV burden is highest. This study determined trends in self-reported HIV testing and associated factors among AGYW in Zimbabwe using the Zimbabwe DHS datasets for 2005/6, 2010/11, and 2015. The proportion of adolescents aged 15−19 years who had ever tested for HIV increased from 14.7% in 2005/6 to 26.5% in 2010/11 and 47.9% in 2015. Among young women, aged 20−24 years, the proportion increased from 34.8% in 2005/6 to 68.7% in 2010/11 and 84.8% in 2015. The odds of ever having an HIV test were significantly higher for those with a higher education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12.49, 95% CI: 2.69 to 57.92, p = 0.001), comprehensive HIV knowledge (aOR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.78, p = 0.001), knowledge about mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) (aOR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.82, p < 0.001), non-discriminatory attitudes (aOR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.28, p = 0.010), three or more lifetime sexual partners (aOR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.09 to 3.66, p = 0.025), and a history of pregnancy (aOR 6.08, 95% CI: 4.22 to 8.75, p < 0.001). There is need to scale-up programmes targeting AGYW.
与男性同龄人相比，15至24岁的少女和年轻女性感染艾滋病毒的几率更高，尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，那里的艾滋病毒负担最为沉重。本研究利用2005/6年、2010/11年和2015年的津巴布韦人口与健康调查数据集，确定了津巴布韦少女和年轻女性自我报告的艾滋病毒检测趋势及相关因素。15至19岁青少年中曾经接受过艾滋病毒检测的比例从2005/6年的14.7%增至2010/11年的26.5%以及2015年的47.9%。在20至24岁的年轻女性中，这一比例从2005/6年的34.8%增至2010/11年的68.7%以及2015年的84.8%。接受过高等教育者（调整优势比[aOR]为12.49，95%置信区间：2.69至57.92，p = 0.001）、具备全面艾滋病毒知识者（aOR为1.91，95%置信区间：1.31至2.78，p = 0.001）、了解母婴传播（MTCT）者（aOR为2.09，95%置信区间：1.55至2.82，p < 0.001）、无歧视态度者（aOR为1.60，95%置信区间：1.12至2.28，p = 0.010）、有三个或更多终身性伴侣者（aOR为2.0，95%置信区间：1.09至3.66，p = 0.025）以及有怀孕史者（aOR为6.08，95%置信区间：4.22至8.75，p < 0.001）接受艾滋病毒检测的几率显著更高。有必要扩大针对少女和年轻女性的项目规模。
