Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2ER, UK.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 27;19(9):5309. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095309.
Longitudinal studies can help us understand the effects of long-term neighborhood changes, as these can capture individual self-appraisal of current and future circumstances. We analyzed the association between neighborhood changes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes among older women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study. We used a subset ( = 49,254) of the longitudinal WHI dataset of female participants, aged 50-79 at baseline, recruited from 40 clinical centers across the U.S. beginning in 1993. Two HRQoL outcomes were explored: self-rated quality of life (SRQoL), and physical functioning-related quality of life (PFQoL). We used U.S. census tract-level changes in median household income between the 2000 census and 2007-2011 American Community Survey to classify neighborhoods as "upgrading," "declining," or "stable." Multi-level models were used to identify significant associations between neighborhood change and HRQoL outcomes over time. Compared to participants residing in upgrading neighborhoods, participants in stable and declining neighborhoods reported significantly lower PFQoL. A significant interaction was observed with income such that the effect of neighborhood change was greater at lower levels of income.
纵向研究可以帮助我们了解长期邻里变化的影响，因为这些研究可以捕捉到个体对当前和未来环境的自我评估。我们分析了妇女健康倡议（WHI）研究中，邻里变化与老年女性健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）结局之间的关联。我们使用了来自美国 40 个临床中心的、年龄在 50-79 岁的女性参与者的纵向 WHI 数据集的一个子集（n=49254），这些参与者于 1993 年开始入组。探索了两个 HRQoL 结局：自我报告的生活质量（SRQoL）和与身体功能相关的生活质量（PFQoL）。我们使用 2000 年人口普查和 2007-2011 年美国社区调查之间美国普查区层面中位数家庭收入的变化，将邻里分为“升级”、“降级”或“稳定”。多水平模型用于识别邻里变化与 HRQoL 结局随时间的显著关联。与居住在升级邻里的参与者相比，居住在稳定和降级邻里的参与者报告的 PFQoL 显著较低。观察到与收入的显著交互作用，即邻里变化的影响在较低收入水平下更大。
