Division of Health Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2023 Aug 28;78(9):1445-1458. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbad048.
A comprehensive examination of resilience by race, ethnicity, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) among women aged ≥80 is needed, given the aging of the U.S. population, increasing longevity, and growing racial and ethnic diversity.
Participants were women aged ≥80 enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. Resilience was assessed with a modified version of the Brief Resilience Scale. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression examined the association of demographic, health, and psychosocial variables with resilience by race, ethnicity, and NSES.
Participants (n = 29,367, median age = 84.3) were White (91.4%), Black (3.7%), Hispanic (1.9%), and Asian (1.7%) women. There were no significant differences by race and ethnicity on mean resiliency scores (p = .06). Significant differences by NSES were observed regarding mean resiliency scores between those with low NSES (3.94 ± 0.83, out of 5) and high NSES (4.00 ± 0.81). Older age, higher education, higher self-rated health, lower stress, and living alone were significant positive correlates of resilience in the sample. Social support was correlated with resilience among White, Black, and Asian women, but not for Hispanic women. Depression was a significant correlate of lower resilience, except among Asian women. Living alone, smoking, and spirituality were significantly associated with higher resilience among women with moderate NSES.
Multiple factors were associated with resilience among women aged ≥80 in the Women's Health Initiative. Despite some differing correlates of resilience by race, ethnicity, and NSES, there were many similarities. These results may aid in the design of resilience interventions for the growing, increasingly diverse population of older women.
鉴于美国人口老龄化、预期寿命延长以及种族和族裔多样性不断增加，需要全面研究种族、族裔和社区社会经济地位（NSES）对 80 岁以上女性的韧性。
参与者为参加妇女健康倡议的 80 岁以上女性。采用简要韧性量表的改良版评估韧性。描述性统计和多元线性回归分析了人口统计学、健康和心理社会变量与种族、族裔和 NSES 韧性的关联。
参与者（n=29367，中位年龄 84.3 岁）为白人（91.4%）、黑人（3.7%）、西班牙裔（1.9%）和亚裔（1.7%）女性。种族和族裔之间的平均韧性得分没有显著差异（p=0.06）。在 NSES 方面，低 NSES（3.94±0.83，满分 5 分）和高 NSES（4.00±0.81）之间的平均韧性得分存在显著差异。在样本中，年龄较大、受教育程度较高、自我报告健康状况较好、压力较低和独居是韧性的显著正相关因素。社会支持与白人、黑人、亚裔女性的韧性相关，但与西班牙裔女性无关。抑郁是韧性较低的一个显著相关因素，但亚裔女性除外。独居、吸烟和精神信仰与 NSES 中等的女性的高韧性显著相关。
多项因素与妇女健康倡议中 80 岁以上女性的韧性有关。尽管韧性的某些相关因素因种族、族裔和 NSES 而异，但仍有许多相似之处。这些结果可能有助于为日益多样化的老年女性人口设计韧性干预措施。
