Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environment Protection, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Conservation, Hengshui 053000, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 5;19(9):5619. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095619.
The study on ecosystem health evaluation for restored urban rivers is of specific significance to improving river health and realizing the adaptive management for urban river ecosystems. Based on the health definition of restored urban rivers in North China, this study attempted to set up a system of alternative indicators on ecosystem health assessment, including water quality, water regime, aquatic organism, riparian environment, and physical morphology. Additionally, a set of health assessment system was proposed, including selection of assessment indexes and determination of assessment criteria and health classes. Taking seventeen typical restored urban rivers in Beijing as the assessment target, the said system was applied in assessing urban river health in 2016 and 2019. As the assessment results indicated, in 2016, the health statuses of 29 percent of urban rivers were ordinary, while 71 percent of urban rivers were somewhat inferior. In 2019, the health state of only one urban river reached "good" level. The health statuses of 88 percent of urban rivers were ordinary, and 6 percent were somewhat inferior in terms of comprehensive health index. In 2019, the health states of rivers improved significantly compared with that of 2016, which indicated that most urban rivers saw marked improvement in ecosystem health after ecological restoration. The health assessment system proposed in the paper not only could be applied to regular evaluation of restored urban rivers in the north but also was suitable for a contrastive health-state analysis between different years prior to or after the restoration. In order to carry out adaptive management of water ecology in urban rivers, the measures of ecological restoration could be adjusted based on the regular health assessment and health weakness analysis.
基于华北地区已修复城市河流健康定义，本研究尝试构建了一套生态系统健康评估替代指标体系，包括水质、水情、水生生物、河岸环境和物理形态。此外，还提出了一套健康评估体系，包括评估指标的选择、评估标准和健康等级的确定。以北京 17 条典型的已修复城市河流为评估对象，该体系于 2016 年和 2019 年应用于城市河流健康评估。评估结果表明，2016 年，29%的城市河流健康状况为普通，71%的城市河流健康状况较差。2019 年，只有一条城市河流的健康状况达到“良好”水平。88%的城市河流综合健康指数处于普通水平，6%的城市河流健康状况较差。与 2016 年相比，2019 年河流健康状况显著改善，这表明大多数城市河流在生态恢复后，其生态系统健康状况有了明显改善。本文提出的健康评估系统不仅可用于北方已修复城市河流的定期评估，也适用于修复前后不同年份的健康状况对比分析。为了对城市河流水生态进行适应性管理，可以根据定期健康评估和健康弱点分析来调整生态恢复措施。
