Szlasa Wojciech, Wilk Karol, Knecht-Gurwin Klaudia, Gurwin Adam, Froń Anita, Sauer Natalia, Krajewski Wojciech, Saczko Jolanta, Szydełko Tomasz, Kulbacka Julita, Małkiewicz Bartosz
Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Apr 28;14(9):2203. doi: 10.3390/cancers14092203.
CD15 (Lewis X/Lex) is a fucosyl (3-fucosly-N-acetyl-lactosamine) moiety found on membrane proteins of various cancer cells. These cancers include renal cancer, prostate and bladder cancers, acute leukaemias, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and melanoma. The biological role of CD15 is interaction with E-, L- and P-selectins (adhesion molecules), allowing for adhesion with endothelial cells. In this way, cancer cells start to interact with the endothelia of blood vessels and consequently move out from the blood flow to the surrounding tissues. Blockage of the antigen's function results in reduced metastatic potential. Moreover, the molecule may be a therapeutic target against cancer in monoclonal antibody-based therapies. CD15 may serve as a prognostic marker for patients and there are high hopes for its use in the immunotherapeutic treatment of tumours. CD15s is a sialyl derivative of CD15 that possesses its own unique characteristics. Its soluble form may act as a competitive inhibitor of the interaction of cancer cells with epithelial cells and thus disallow migration through the vessels. However, the prognostic relevance of CD15 and CD15s expression is very complex. This review presents a comprehensive description of the role of CD15 and CD15s in cancer development and metastasis and overviews its significance for clinical applications.
CD15（Lewis X/Lex）是一种岩藻糖基（3-岩藻糖基-N-乙酰乳糖胺）部分，存在于各种癌细胞的膜蛋白上。这些癌症包括肾癌、前列腺癌和膀胱癌、急性白血病、肝细胞癌、乳腺癌和黑色素瘤。CD15的生物学作用是与E-、L-和P-选择素（粘附分子）相互作用，从而实现与内皮细胞的粘附。通过这种方式，癌细胞开始与血管内皮相互作用，进而从血流中转移至周围组织。阻断该抗原的功能会降低转移潜能。此外，在基于单克隆抗体的治疗中，该分子可能是抗癌治疗靶点。CD15可作为患者的预后标志物，人们对其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用寄予厚望。CD15s是CD15的唾液酸衍生物，具有自身独特的特性。其可溶性形式可能作为癌细胞与上皮细胞相互作用的竞争性抑制剂，从而阻止癌细胞通过血管迁移。然而，CD15和CD15s表达的预后相关性非常复杂。本文综述全面描述了CD15和CD15s在癌症发生和转移中的作用，并概述了其在临床应用中的意义。
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