Emanuel Aline, Krampitz Julia, Rosenberger Friederike, Kind Sabine, Rötzer Ingeborg
Division of Nutrition Sciences, German University of Applied Sciences for Prevention and Health Management (DHfPG), 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
Division of Psychology and Pedagogy, German University of Applied Sciences for Prevention and Health Management (DHfPG), 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Apr 28;14(9):2212. doi: 10.3390/cancers14092212.
(1) Background: Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is directly related to malnutrition, cachexia and weight loss. Nutritional interventions (NI) are used in addition to standard therapy. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the types of NI and their effects. (2) Methods: We included RCTs with at least one intervention group receiving an NI and compared them with a control group with no NI, placebo or alternative treatment on cachexia, malnutrition or weight loss in patients with PaCa. Any available literature until 12 August 2021 was searched in the Pubmed and Cochrane databases. RCTs were sorted according to NI (parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, dietary supplements and mixed or special forms). (3) Results: Finally, 26 studies with a total of 2720 patients were included. The potential for bias was mostly moderate to high. Parenteral nutrition is associated with a higher incidence of complications. Enteral nutrition is associated with shorter length of stay in hospital, lower rate and development of complications, positive effects on cytokine rates and lower weight loss. Dietary supplements enriched with omega-3 fatty acids lead to higher body weight and lean body mass. (4) Conclusions: Enteral nutrition and dietary supplements with omega-3 fatty acids should be preferred in nutritional therapy of PaCa patients.
(1) 背景：胰腺癌（PaCa）与营养不良、恶病质和体重减轻直接相关。除标准治疗外，还采用营养干预（NI）。本系统评价的目的是概述营养干预的类型及其效果。(2) 方法：我们纳入了至少有一个干预组接受营养干预的随机对照试验（RCT），并将其与未接受营养干预、使用安慰剂或替代治疗的对照组进行比较，观察胰腺癌患者的恶病质、营养不良或体重减轻情况。在Pubmed和Cochrane数据库中检索了截至2021年8月12日的所有可用文献。随机对照试验根据营养干预类型（肠外营养、肠内营养、膳食补充剂以及混合或特殊形式）进行分类。(3) 结果：最终，共纳入26项研究，涉及2720例患者。偏倚可能性大多为中度到高度。肠外营养与较高的并发症发生率相关。肠内营养与较短的住院时间、较低的并发症发生率和发展、对细胞因子水平的积极影响以及较少的体重减轻相关。富含ω-3脂肪酸的膳食补充剂可导致体重增加和瘦体重增加。(4) 结论：在胰腺癌患者的营养治疗中，应优先选择肠内营养和富含ω-3脂肪酸的膳食补充剂。
