Yang Zhantao, Dong Shuangzhao, Zheng Yuhui, Kong Fanlin, Lv Jiaying, Sun Xiaoge, Wang Yajing, Cao Zhijun, Wang Wei, Li Shengli
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Apr 19;12(9):1051. doi: 10.3390/ani12091051.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of three rates of prepartum dietary concentrate feeding on the milk performance, energy balance, and rumen fermentation of Montbéliarde−Holstein crossbred cows. Eighteen transition Montbéliarde−Holstein crossbred cows with similar days of gestation (258 ± 12 day) and body weights (622 ± 44 kg) were selected and randomly divided into three groups. In the prepartum period, the addition of concentrates accounted for 0.3% (low concentrate, LC), 0.6% (medium concentrate, MC), and 0.9% (high concentrate, HC) of the cow’s body weight. The forage was corn stover, which was fed to the cows ad libitum with free access to water. Postpartum, all of the cows were fed a common lactation total mixed ration. The experimental period lasted from 21 days prepartum to 28 days postpartum. The energy balance (EB), net energy intake (NEI), and dry matter intake (DMI) of the HC group were greater than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Likewise, the non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and total bilirubin (TBIL) in the blood of the LC group had significantly higher concentrations than they did in the other groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the increase in the level of dietary concentrate had no significant effect on the rumen fermentation parameters (p > 0.05), and the total intestinal digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) in the HC group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than it was in the other groups during the prepartum period. In conclusion, the administration of the MC diet in the prepartum period had no negative effect on the performance and rumen fermentation of postpartum dairy cows and can satisfy the energy needs of prepartum dairy cows. Therefore, under our experimental conditions, the 0.6% prenatal concentrate feeding amount was the most appropriate for Montbéliarde−Holstein crossbred cows.
本研究旨在探讨产前不同精料饲喂水平对蒙贝利亚尔-荷斯坦杂交奶牛产奶性能、能量平衡及瘤胃发酵的影响。选取18头妊娠天数相近（258±12天）、体重相近（622±44千克）的围产前期蒙贝利亚尔-荷斯坦杂交奶牛，随机分为三组。在产前阶段，添加的精料分别占奶牛体重的0.3%（低精料组，LC）、0.6%（中等精料组，MC）和0.9%（高精料组，HC）。粗饲料为玉米秸秆，让奶牛自由采食并自由饮水。产后，所有奶牛均饲喂常规泌乳全混合日粮。试验期从产前21天持续至产后28天。高精料组的能量平衡（EB）、净能量摄入量（NEI）和干物质摄入量（DMI）均高于其他组（p<0.05）。同样，低精料组血液中的非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）、β-羟基丁酸（BHBA）和总胆红素（TBIL）浓度显著高于其他组（p<0.05）。此外，日粮精料水平的提高对瘤胃发酵参数无显著影响（p>0.05），产前阶段高精料组的干物质（DM）、粗蛋白（CP）和乙醚提取物（EE）的总肠道消化率显著高于其他组（p<0.05）。总之，产前饲喂中等精料日粮对产后奶牛的性能和瘤胃发酵无负面影响，且能满足产前奶牛的能量需求。因此，在我们的试验条件下，0.6%的产前精料饲喂量对蒙贝利亚尔-荷斯坦杂交奶牛最为适宜。
