Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Via Salaria 31, 00015Monterotondo, RM, Italy.
Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122Piacenza, Italy.
J Dairy Res. 2021 Aug;88(3):253-260. doi: 10.1017/S0022029921000650. Epub 2021 Aug 18.
The aim of the research reported in this paper was to evaluate plasma concentrations of energy, oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers of Simmental (sire) × Holstein (dam) crossbred cows, in comparison with the two parental breeds during the peripartal and early lactation periods and to estimate the effects of heterosis for these traits. Thirty-three animals, managed under the same conditions, 8 Simmental (SI), 9 Holstein (HO) and 16 crossbred (CR) cows were enrolled in this study. Glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), total protein, albumin, creatinine and urea were determined in blood sampled at six different time points (30 ± 3 and 15 ± 3 d before the expected calving date, at calving and 15, 30 and 60 d after calving). Furthermore, derived reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) were determined to evaluate inflammatory and oxidative status. Results showed that the CR group had significantly lower average values of glucose and NEFA when compared to HO group; signifcantly lower values of urea than SI group and significantly higher values of creatinine than HO. Furthermore, CR cows showed the lowest average value of d-ROMs with respect to SI and HO parental breeds. Finally, the average value of haptoglobin was significantly lower in CR and HO groups, when compared to SI group. As for the heterosis we found the highest (positive) percentage for CK (98%) and BAP (47%) and the lowest (negative) percentage for OSi (-75%) and d-ROMs (-39%). A negative percentage was also found for the glucose (-11%) and NEFA (-20%) toward the Simmental parental breed. Our results suggest a different response among the three genetic groups during the peripartal and early lactation periods. In particular, CR and SI cows seem more adaptable regarding energy metabolism and oxidative status. Heterosis led to a positive effect on those parameters in Simmental (sire) × Holstein (dam) crossbred cows F1 population (50% Simmental and 50% Holstein).
本研究旨在评估西门塔尔（父本）×荷斯坦（母本）杂交奶牛在围产期和泌乳早期的血浆能量、氧化和炎症生物标志物浓度，并估计这些性状的杂种优势效应。在相同条件下管理的 33 头动物，包括 8 头西门塔尔牛（SI）、9 头荷斯坦牛（HO）和 16 头杂交牛（CR）被纳入本研究。在六个不同时间点（预计分娩日期前 30±3 和 15±3 天、分娩时以及分娩后 15、30 和 60 天）采集血液样本，检测血糖、非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）、β-羟丁酸（BHB）、总胆红素、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、肌酸激酶（CK）、总蛋白、白蛋白、肌酐和尿素。此外，还测定了衍生的活性氧代谢物（d-ROMs）、生物抗氧化潜力（BAP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、触珠蛋白（Hp）和血清淀粉样蛋白 A 蛋白（SAA），以评估炎症和氧化状态。结果表明，与荷斯坦牛组相比，杂交牛组的血糖和 NEFA 平均值显著降低；与西门塔尔牛组相比，尿素值显著降低，肌酐值显著升高。此外，杂交牛组的 d-ROMs 平均值与西门塔尔牛和荷斯坦牛父母品种相比最低。最后，与西门塔尔牛组相比，杂交牛组和荷斯坦牛组的触珠蛋白平均值显著降低。就杂种优势而言，我们发现 CK（98%）和 BAP（47%）的百分比最高（为正），而 OSi（-75%）和 d-ROMs（-39%）的百分比最低（为负）。葡萄糖（-11%）和 NEFA（-20%）对西门塔尔父本品种也呈负百分比。我们的结果表明，在围产期和泌乳早期，三个遗传群体的反应不同。特别是，CR 和 SI 牛在能量代谢和氧化状态方面似乎更具适应性。杂种优势导致西门塔尔（父本）×荷斯坦（母本）杂交奶牛 F1 群体（50%西门塔尔牛和 50%荷斯坦牛）的这些参数出现正效应。
