Lab of Controlled Release and Drug Delivery System, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
Department of Pharmacy, Bashir Institute of Health Sciences, Bharakahu, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Nutrients. 2022 May 6;14(9):1949. doi: 10.3390/nu14091949.
Blood cancers are characterized by pathological disorders causing uncontrolled hematological cell division. Various strategies were previously explored for the treatment of blood cancers, including chemotherapy, Car-T therapy, targeting chimeric antigen receptors, and platelets therapy. However, all these therapies pose serious challenges that limit their use in blood cancer therapy, such as poor metabolism. Furthermore, the solubility and stability of anticancer drugs limit efficacy and bio-distribution and cause toxicity. The isolation and purification of natural killer cells during Car-T cell therapy is a major challenge. To cope with these challenges, treatment strategies from phyto-medicine scaffolds have been evaluated for blood cancer treatments. Carotenoids represent a versatile class of phytochemical that offer therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of cancer, and specifically blood cancer. Carotenoids, through various signaling pathways and mechanisms, such as the activation of AMPK, expression of autophagy biochemical markers (p62/LC3-II), activation of Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE signaaling pathway, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), increased level of reactive oxygen species, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), c-caspase-3, -7, decreased level of Bcl-xL, cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and decreasing STAT3 expression results in apoptosis induction and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. This review article focuses the therapeutic potential of carotenoids in blood cancers, addressing various mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate their therapeutic efficacy.
血液癌症的特征是病理紊乱导致不受控制的血液细胞分裂。以前探索了各种策略来治疗血液癌症，包括化疗、嵌合抗原受体靶向治疗、CAR-T 治疗和血小板治疗。然而，所有这些疗法都存在严重的挑战，限制了它们在血液癌症治疗中的应用，例如代谢不良。此外，抗癌药物的溶解度和稳定性限制了其疗效和生物分布，并导致毒性。在 CAR-T 细胞治疗中分离和纯化自然杀伤细胞是一个主要挑战。为了应对这些挑战，已经评估了来自植物药物支架的治疗策略，用于治疗血液癌症。类胡萝卜素是一类多功能的植物化学物质，在癌症治疗中具有治疗效果，特别是在血液癌症治疗中。类胡萝卜素通过各种信号通路和机制，如 AMPK 的激活、自噬生化标志物（p62/LC3-II）的表达、Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE 信号通路的激活、核因子κB（NF-κB）、活性氧水平的增加、多聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶（c-PARP）的切割、c-caspase-3、-7 的切割、Bcl-xL 水平的降低、G0/G1 期的细胞周期停滞以及 STAT3 表达的降低，导致细胞凋亡诱导和癌细胞增殖抑制。本文重点关注类胡萝卜素在血液癌症中的治疗潜力，探讨介导其治疗效果的各种机制和信号通路。
