Synthesis and Structural Study of Amidrazone Derived Pyrrole-2,5-Dione Derivatives: Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agents.

1-pyrrole-2,5-dione derivatives are known for their wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to synthesize new 3,4-dimethyl--pyrrole-2,5-dione derivatives - in the reaction of -substituted amidrazones with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride and evaluate their structural and biological properties. Compounds - were studied by the H-C NMR two-dimensional techniques (HMQC, HMBC) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (derivatives and ). The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds - was examined by both an anti-proliferative study and a production study on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in anti-CD3 antibody- or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. The antibacterial activity of compounds against , , , , , , and strains was determined using the broth microdilution method. Structural studies of - revealed the presence of distinct and stereoisomers in the solid state and the solution. All compounds significantly inhibited the proliferation of PBMCs in anti-CD3-stimulated cultures. The strongest effect was observed for derivatives -. The strongest inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production was observed for the most promising anti-inflammatory compound .