Bockholt Rebecca, Paschke Shaleen, Heubner Lars, Ibarlucea Bergoi, Laupp Alexander, Janićijević Željko, Klinghammer Stephanie, Balakin Sascha, Maitz Manfred F, Werner Carsten, Cuniberti Gianaurelio, Baraban Larysa, Spieth Peter Markus
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01309 Dresden, Germany.
Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), 01309 Dresden, Germany.
J Clin Med. 2022 Apr 25;11(9):2408. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092408.
The number of patients in intensive care units has increased over the past years. Critically ill patients are treated with a real time support of the instruments that offer monitoring of relevant blood parameters. These parameters include blood gases, lactate, and glucose, as well as pH and temperature. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, continuous management of dynamic deteriorating parameters in patients is more relevant than ever before. This narrative review aims to summarize the currently available literature regarding real-time monitoring of blood parameters in intensive care. Both, invasive and non-invasive methods are described in detail and discussed in terms of general advantages and disadvantages particularly in context of their use in different medical fields but especially in critical care. The objective is to explicate both, well-known and frequently used as well as relatively unknown devices. Furtehrmore, potential future direction in research and development of realtime sensor systems are discussed. Therefore, the discussion section provides a brief description of current developments in biosensing with special emphasis on their technical implementation. In connection with these developments, the authors focus on different electrochemical approaches to invasive and non-invasive measurements in vivo.
在过去几年中，重症监护病房的患者数量有所增加。危重症患者在能够监测相关血液参数的仪器的实时支持下接受治疗。这些参数包括血气、乳酸、葡萄糖以及pH值和温度。考虑到新冠疫情，对患者动态恶化参数的持续管理比以往任何时候都更加重要。这篇叙述性综述旨在总结目前关于重症监护中血液参数实时监测的现有文献。详细描述了侵入性和非侵入性方法，并就其一般优缺点进行了讨论，特别是在它们在不同医学领域（尤其是重症监护）中的使用背景下。目的是阐明既知名且常用的设备以及相对不太知名的设备。此外，还讨论了实时传感器系统研发的潜在未来方向。因此，讨论部分简要描述了生物传感的当前发展，特别强调了它们的技术实施。结合这些发展，作者重点关注用于体内侵入性和非侵入性测量的不同电化学方法。
