Tkaczewska Joanna, Jamróz Ewelina, Guzik Paulina, Kopeć Michał
Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Balicka Street 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Apr 22;14(9):1717. doi: 10.3390/polym14091717.
In this study, we aimed to produce, innovative and, at the same time, environmentally-friendly, biopolymer double-layer films with fish processing waste and active lingonberry extract as additives. These double-layered films were based on furcellaran (FUR) (1st layer) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with a gelatin hydrolysate (HGEL) (2nd layer). The aim of the study was to assess their impact on the durability of perishable salmon fillets during storage, and to evaluate their degree of biodegradation. The fillets were analyzed for changes in microbiological quality (total microbial count, yeast and molds, and psychrotrophic bacteria), biogenic amine content (HPLC), and lipid oxidation (peroxidase and acid values, TBARS). The degree of biodegradation includes analysis of film and compost chemical composition solubility, respiratory activity, and ecotoxicity testing. The obtained results allow to suggest that active films are not only bacteriostatic, but even bactericidal when they used to coat fish fillets. Concerning the group of samples covered with the double-layer films, a 19.42% lower total bacteria count was noted compared to the control samples. Furthermore, it can be observed that the applied double-layer films have a potentially strong inhibitory effect on the accumulation of biogenic amines in fish, which is correlated with its antimicrobial effect (the total biogenic amine content for control samples totaled 263.51 mg/kg, while for the double-layer samples, their value equaled: 164.90 mg/kg). The achieved results indicate a high biodegradation potential, however, a too low pH of the film results in limiting seed germination and growth. Despite that, of these, double-layer films are a technology that has applicative potential.
在本研究中，我们旨在利用鱼加工废料和活性越橘提取物作为添加剂，生产出创新且环保的生物聚合物双层薄膜。这些双层薄膜以角叉菜聚糖（FUR）（第一层）和含有明胶水解物（HGEL）的羧甲基纤维素（CMC）（第二层）为基础。本研究的目的是评估它们对易腐三文鱼片储存期间耐久性的影响，并评估其生物降解程度。对鱼片的微生物质量变化（总微生物计数、酵母和霉菌以及嗜冷菌）、生物胺含量（高效液相色谱法）和脂质氧化（过氧化物酶和酸值、硫代巴比妥酸反应物）进行了分析。生物降解程度包括对薄膜和堆肥化学成分溶解度、呼吸活性以及生态毒性测试的分析。所得结果表明，活性薄膜不仅具有抑菌作用，用于包裹鱼片时甚至具有杀菌作用。对于覆盖双层薄膜的样品组，与对照样品相比，总细菌数降低了19.42%。此外，可以观察到，所应用的双层薄膜对鱼体内生物胺的积累具有潜在的强烈抑制作用，这与其抗菌作用相关（对照样品的总生物胺含量总计为263.51 mg/kg，而双层样品的值为：164.90 mg/kg）。所取得的结果表明具有很高的生物降解潜力，然而，薄膜的pH值过低导致种子发芽和生长受限。尽管如此，双层薄膜仍是一项具有应用潜力的技术。
