The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Brain Res. 2022 Aug 1;1788:147937. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147937. Epub 2022 May 11.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic structure that protects the brain from harmful blood-borne, endogenous and exogenous substances and maintains the homeostatic microenvironment. All constituent cell types play indispensable roles in the BBB's integrity, and other structural BBB components, such as tight junction proteins, adherens junctions, and junctional proteins, can control the barrier permeability. Regarding the need to exchange nutrients and toxic materials, solute carriers, ATP-binding case families, and ion transporter, as well as transcytosis regulate the influx and efflux transport, while the difference in localisation and expression can contribute to functional differences in transport properties. Numerous chemical mediators and other factors such as non-physicochemical factors have been identified to alter BBB permeability by mediating the structural components and barrier function, because of the close relationship with inflammation. In this review, we highlight recently gained mechanistic insights into the maintenance and disruption of the BBB. A better understanding of the factors influencing BBB permeability could contribute to supporting promising potential therapeutic targets for protecting the BBB and the delivery of central nervous system drugs via BBB permeability interventions under pathological conditions.
血脑屏障（BBB）是一种动态结构，可保护大脑免受有害的血液传播、内源性和外源性物质的侵害，并维持其体内平衡的微环境。所有组成细胞类型在 BBB 的完整性中都发挥着不可或缺的作用，而其他结构 BBB 成分，如紧密连接蛋白、黏附连接和连接蛋白，可控制屏障通透性。对于需要交换营养物质和有毒物质的情况，溶质载体、ATP 结合盒家族和离子转运蛋白以及转胞吞作用可调节内流和外排转运，而局部定位和表达的差异有助于运输特性的功能差异。大量化学介质和其他非物理化学因素已被确定可通过调节结构成分和屏障功能来改变 BBB 的通透性，因为它们与炎症密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们强调了最近在维持和破坏 BBB 方面获得的机制见解。更好地了解影响 BBB 通透性的因素可能有助于支持有希望的潜在治疗靶点，以保护 BBB，并通过 BBB 通透性干预在病理条件下向中枢神经系统药物输送。
