Olasehinde Tosin A, Olaokun Oyinlola O
Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, P.M.B. 21023, Lagos 100261, Nigeria.
Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 25;26(13):6111. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136111.
Cognitive problems are associated with impaired learning ability and memory dysfunction. Neuroinflammation has been identified as an important factor in the progression of anxiety and depressive disorders. Zingerone is a phenolic alkanone derived from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A number of studies have investigated the effect of zingerone on neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. However, this evidence has not been systematically reviewed. This study sought to systematically review the effect of zingerone on neuroinflammation and neurobehavioural changes associated with memory and learning impairment and anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviours. A systematic review was conducted using pre-defined search criteria on Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science. The records obtained were screened based on inclusion criteria, and data was extracted from the included studies. Out of the 482 studies that were identified, only 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. Neuroinflammatory markers such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule (IBA-1), as well as behavioural parameters including Morris water maze, Y-Maze, recognition test, passive avoidance test, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test and forced swimming test were measured. Zingerone exhibited anti-neuroinflammatory effects by improving IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. However, zingerone did not show any significant changes on activated microglia. The anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of zingerone were linked to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activation and the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as well as the reduction in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of zingerone were also associated with an improvement in cortical cholinergic transmission, the mitigation of oxidative stress and the upregulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. This review provides scientific evidence on the cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective mechanisms of zingerone, which may be beneficial for future experimental investigations.
认知问题与学习能力受损和记忆功能障碍有关。神经炎症已被确认为焦虑和抑郁障碍进展中的一个重要因素。姜辣素是一种从生姜（姜科植物姜）中提取的酚类烷酮，以其抗氧化和抗炎特性而闻名。许多研究调查了姜辣素对神经炎症和认知障碍的影响。然而，这些证据尚未得到系统的综述。本研究旨在系统综述姜辣素对神经炎症以及与记忆和学习障碍以及焦虑样和抑郁样行为相关的神经行为变化的影响。使用预先定义的搜索标准在谷歌学术、Scopus和科学网进行了系统综述。根据纳入标准对获得的记录进行筛选，并从纳入的研究中提取数据。在确定的482项研究中，只有9项研究符合纳入标准。测量了神经炎症标志物，如白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和离子钙结合衔接分子（IBA-1），以及行为参数，包括莫里斯水迷宫、Y迷宫、识别测试、被动回避测试、高架十字迷宫、蔗糖偏好测试和强迫游泳测试。姜辣素通过改善IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平表现出抗神经炎症作用。然而，姜辣素对活化的小胶质细胞没有显示出任何显著变化。姜辣素的抗神经炎症机制与抑制核因子κB（NF-κB）激活和含pyrin结构域的NOD样受体家族3（NLRP3）炎性小体以及神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）的减少有关。姜辣素的抗焦虑和抗抑郁作用还与皮质胆碱能传递的改善、氧化应激的减轻以及血清素和多巴胺等神经递质的上调有关。本综述为姜辣素的认知增强和神经保护机制提供了科学证据，这可能对未来的实验研究有益。
