Van Vollenhoven Institute for Law, Governance and Society, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Department of Criminology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022 Sep;36(9):1623-1631. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18222. Epub 2022 May 30.
In 2020, the number of displaced people worldwide reached 41.3 million (IOM, 2020). Among them, are many migrants and refugees at risk of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Healthcare providers have a key role to play in identifying migrant victims/survivors of violence.
This paper seeks to assess STIs prevalence, sexual health and sexual violence among third country nationals (TCNs) attending the GUC in Malta.
This is a mixed methods study carried out at the Genitourinary Clinic (GUC), which is the only public sexual health clinic in Malta. Demographic data, sexual history and diagnoses of patients attending the GUC between January 2018 and December 2019 were collected and retrospectively analysed. A SGBV risk assessment was performed through a semi-structured questionnaire.
In the 24-month study period, a total of 12 654 patients accessed the GUC in Malta. Demographic data were collected on age, gender, nationality, marital status and sexual orientation. 16.4% (n = 2064) of these were extra-European migrants, predominantly male. 80 different nationalities were recorded, with the 5 most common being Nigerian, Filipino, Libyan, Syrian and Brazilian. The average age was 32.6 years. Over 110 sex workers were visited at the GUC in the study period - 20 were foreign, primarily from China. The presence of a 'massage parlour owner' during consultation, lack of control over passports and other factors were identified as warning signs of trafficking. 5 cases of sexual violence and forced prostitution involving girls from Sub-Saharan Africa and, in 2 cases, boys recently arrived in Malta by boat, were encountered. 6 African women accessing the service exhibited a type of female genital mutilation (FGM).
Migration, sexual health and SGBV overlap in important ways. Further research and training in SGBV and migration in the healthcare setting and awareness-raising about existing services among the migrant population are required.
2020 年，全球流离失所人数达到 4130 万（IOM，2020 年）。其中，许多移民和难民面临性暴力和基于性别的暴力（SGBV）的风险。医疗保健提供者在识别暴力的移民受害者/幸存者方面发挥着关键作用。
本文旨在评估在马耳他的生殖泌尿科就诊的第三国国民（TCN）中的性传播感染（STI）患病率、性健康和性暴力情况。
这是一项在生殖泌尿科（GUC）进行的混合方法研究，该诊所是马耳他唯一的公立性健康诊所。收集并回顾性分析了 2018 年 1 月至 2019 年 12 月期间在 GUC 就诊的患者的人口统计学数据、性史和诊断。通过半结构化问卷进行 SGBV 风险评估。
在 24 个月的研究期间，共有 12654 名患者在马耳他的 GUC 就诊。收集了年龄、性别、国籍、婚姻状况和性取向等人口统计学数据。这些人中的 16.4%（n=2064）是欧洲以外的移民，主要是男性。记录了 80 个不同的国籍，最常见的是尼日利亚、菲律宾、利比亚、叙利亚和巴西。平均年龄为 32.6 岁。在研究期间，有超过 110 名性工作者在 GUC 就诊 - 其中 20 人是外国人，主要来自中国。在咨询过程中有“按摩院老板”在场、缺乏对护照的控制以及其他因素被确定为人口贩运的警告信号。遇到了 5 起涉及来自撒哈拉以南非洲的女孩的性暴力和强迫卖淫案件，在 2 起案件中，是乘船最近抵达马耳他的男孩。有 6 名非洲妇女在接受服务时表现出某种形式的女性生殖器切割。
移民、性健康和 SGBV 以重要的方式重叠。需要在医疗保健环境中进一步研究和培训 SGBV 和移民问题，并提高移民人口对现有服务的认识。
