University of València, Spain.
University of València, Spain; Nebrija University, Spain.
Neuropsychologia. 2022 Jul 29;172:108259. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108259. Epub 2022 May 13.
A straightforward prediction of the Local Combination Detectors [LCD] model of word recognition (Dehaene et al., 2005) is that letter rotations above 40-45° should disrupt the mapping of the visual input onto orthographic representations. However, the evidence supporting this claim is scarce and not conclusive. To shed light on this issue, we conducted a masked repetition priming lexical decision experiment while recording the participants' EEG measures. Targets were always presented in the standard horizontal format, and we rotated the individual letters of the identity/unrelated primes (0°, 45°, or 90°). Behavioral and Event-Related Potentials (ERP) results revealed that the identity priming effect decreased as a function of letter rotation. Importantly, the ERP data allowed us to examine in detail the time course of processing of words with rotated letters. Amplitude comparisons showed that identity priming followed the typical course for 0° primes (i.e., it started around 100 ms, in the visual feature encoding stage, and strengthened with processing time). The parallel effect for 45° primes emerged later, at around 175 ms. This pattern strongly suggests that letter rotations at around 45° have a processing cost, thus providing evidence in favor of the LCD model of word recognition (Dehaene et al., 2005).
直观预测文字识别的局部组合检测器（Local Combination Detectors，LCD）模型（Dehaene 等人，2005 年）是，字母旋转超过 40-45°应破坏视觉输入到正字法表示的映射。然而，支持这一说法的证据很少且不具结论性。为了阐明这个问题，我们进行了掩蔽重复启动词汇判断实验，同时记录参与者的脑电图测量数据。目标始终以标准的水平格式呈现，我们旋转身份/不相关启动的各个字母（0°、45°或 90°）。行为和事件相关电位（ERP）结果表明，身份启动效应随字母旋转而降低。重要的是，ERP 数据使我们能够详细检查旋转字母的单词的处理时间进程。振幅比较表明，身份启动与 0°启动的典型过程一致（即在视觉特征编码阶段，约 100ms 开始，随着处理时间的延长而增强）。45°启动的平行效应出现得较晚，约为 175ms。这种模式强烈表明，45°左右的字母旋转具有处理成本，从而为文字识别的 LCD 模型（Dehaene 等人，2005 年）提供了证据。
