Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8, ITZ, UK.
Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8, 2PS, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022 May 16;19(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s12966-022-01290-4.
BACKGROUND: Restrictions due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduced physical activity provision for both children and their parents. Recent studies have reported decreases in physical activity levels during lockdown restrictions, but these were largely reliant on self-report methods, with data collected via unrepresentative self-report surveys. The post-pandemic impacts on children's activity levels remain unknown. A key question is how active children become once lockdown restrictions are lifted. METHODS: Active-6 is a repeated cross-sectional natural experiment. Accelerometer data from 1296 children aged 10-11 and their parents were collected in 50 schools in the Greater Bristol area, UK in March 2017-May 2018 (pre-COVID-19 comparator group), and compared to 393 children aged 10-11 and parents in 23 of the same schools, collected in May-December 2021. Mean minutes of accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were derived for weekdays and weekend and compared pre- and post-lockdown via linear multilevel models. RESULTS: After adjusting for seasonality, accelerometer wear time and child/parent demographics, children's mean weekday and weekend MVPA were 7.7 min (95% CI: 3.5 to 11.9) and 6.9 min (95% CI: 0.9 to 12.9) lower in 2021 than in 2018, respectively, while sedentary time was higher by 25.4 min (95% CI: 15.8 to 35.0) and 14.0 min (95% CI: 1.5 to 26.5). There was no evidence that differences varied by child gender or household education. There was no significant difference in parents' MVPA or sedentary time, either on weekdays or weekends. CONCLUSIONS: Children's MVPA was lower by 7-8 min/day in 2021 once restrictions were lifted than before the pandemic for all groups, on both weekdays and weekends. Previous research has shown that there is an undesirable age-related decline in children's physical activity. The 8-min difference reported here would be broadly comparable to the decline that would have previously been expected to occur over a three-year period. Parents' physical activity was similar to pre-pandemic levels. Our results suggest that despite easing of restrictions, children's activity levels have not returned to pre-pandemic levels. There is an urgent need to understand why these changes have occurred and how long they are maintained.
背景：由于 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行，儿童及其父母的身体活动提供受到限制。最近的研究报告称，在封锁限制期间，身体活动水平下降，但这些研究主要依赖于自我报告方法，通过无代表性的自我报告调查收集数据。大流行后对儿童活动水平的影响尚不清楚。一个关键问题是，一旦解除封锁限制，儿童会变得多么活跃。 方法：Active-6 是一项重复的横断面自然实验。在英国大布里斯托尔地区的 50 所学校，于 2017 年 3 月至 2018 年 5 月（COVID-19 大流行前对照组）期间，使用加速度计收集了 1296 名 10-11 岁儿童及其父母的数据，然后与 23 所相同学校的 393 名 10-11 岁儿童及其父母的数据进行了比较，收集时间为 2021 年 5 月至 12 月。通过线性多层模型，比较了工作日和周末的加速度计测量的中等到剧烈体力活动（MVPA）的分钟平均值，并在封锁前后进行了比较。 结果：在调整了季节性、加速度计佩戴时间和儿童/父母人口统计学因素后，与 2018 年相比，2021 年儿童的平均工作日和周末 MVPA 分别低 7.7 分钟（95%CI：3.5 至 11.9）和 6.9 分钟（95%CI：0.9 至 12.9），而久坐时间分别高 25.4 分钟（95%CI：15.8 至 35.0）和 14.0 分钟（95%CI：1.5 至 26.5）。没有证据表明差异因儿童性别或家庭教育水平而异。父母在工作日或周末的 MVPA 或久坐时间均无显著差异。 结论：一旦限制解除，与大流行前相比，2021 年所有组别的儿童在工作日和周末的 MVPA 分别每天减少 7-8 分钟。之前的研究表明，儿童的身体活动量会随着年龄的增长而不可避免地下降。这里报告的 8 分钟差异大致相当于之前预计在三年期间内会出现的下降。父母的身体活动与大流行前的水平相似。我们的研究结果表明，尽管限制有所放宽，但儿童的活动水平尚未恢复到大流行前的水平。迫切需要了解这些变化发生的原因以及它们持续的时间。
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