中国口腔医学研究生职业倦怠、职业选择后悔和抑郁症状的性别差异：一项横断面研究。
Gender Differences in Job Burnout, Career Choice Regret, and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Dental Postgraduates: A Cross-Sectional Study.
机构信息
School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 Apr 27;10:832359. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.832359. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Job burnout, career choice regret, and depressive symptoms among medical students have received widespread attention. However, little is known about the role of gender in these areas for dental postgraduates. This study aimed to explore gender differences in job burnout, career choice regret, and depressive symptoms among Chinese dental postgraduates.
METHODS
The data were collected from an epidemiological survey conducted by our group from February 2021 to March 2021. We used a self-administered questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders scale, and the Career Choice Regret scale. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to explore influencing factors.
RESULTS
A total of 558 valid dental postgraduate questionnaires were included in this study. The prevalence of job burnout, career choice regret, and depressive symptoms exceeded 30% in males and females. The prevalence of job burnout was 4.7% higher in females than in males; career choice regret was 12.2% higher in females than in males ( < 0.05), and depressive symptoms were 4.9% higher in females than in males. The multivariable analysis showed that factors associated with job burnout for males were sleep time and career choice regret for females. The influencing factors on career choice regret for females were postgraduate entrance examination score, sleep time, and job burnout. Depressive symptoms were a common influencing factor for job burnout and career choice regret in male and female dental postgraduates. Also, job burnout and depressive symptoms had the highest odds ratio for influencing factors on each other.
CONCLUSION
Over 30% of dental postgraduates suffered from job burnout, career choice regret, and depressive symptoms, and incidences were higher in females. A discrepancy of influencing factors existed between male and female dental postgraduates. Targeted measures should be taken to change this situation.
背景
医学生的职业倦怠、职业选择后悔和抑郁症状受到了广泛关注。然而，人们对牙科研究生在这些领域的性别差异知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨中国牙科研究生的职业倦怠、职业选择后悔和抑郁症状的性别差异。
方法
本研究数据来自于我们小组于 2021 年 2 月至 2021 年 3 月进行的一项流行病学调查。我们使用了一份自填式问卷，涵盖人口统计学特征、职业倦怠量表、初级保健评估的精神障碍量表和职业选择后悔量表。我们进行了单变量和多变量分析，以探讨影响因素。
结果
本研究共纳入 558 份有效牙科研究生问卷。男性和女性的职业倦怠、职业选择后悔和抑郁症状的患病率均超过 30%。女性的职业倦怠患病率比男性高 4.7%；女性的职业选择后悔率比男性高 12.2%（<0.05），抑郁症状比男性高 4.9%。多变量分析显示，男性职业倦怠的相关因素是睡眠时间和女性的职业选择后悔。女性职业选择后悔的影响因素是研究生入学考试成绩、睡眠时间和职业倦怠。抑郁症状是男性和女性牙科研究生职业倦怠和职业选择后悔的共同影响因素。此外，职业倦怠和抑郁症状对彼此的影响因素具有最高的比值比。
结论
超过 30%的牙科研究生患有职业倦怠、职业选择后悔和抑郁症状，女性的发病率更高。男女牙科研究生的影响因素存在差异。应采取有针对性的措施改变这种情况。
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