Khazdair Mohammad Reza, Boskabady Mohammad Hossein
Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Apr 29;9:791914. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.791914. eCollection 2022.
Sulfur mustard (SM) is one of the major potent chemical warfare that caused the death of victims in World War I and the Iraq-Iran conflict (1980-1988). The respiratory system is the main target of SM exposure and there are no definitive therapeutic modalities for SM-induced lung injury. The effects of the new pharmaceutical drugs on lung injury induced by SM exposure were summarized in this review. Literature review on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases was performed to find papers that reported new treatment approach on SM-exposure-induced injury in the respiratory system until October 2019. The search was restricted to sulfur mustard AND induced injury ( studies, animal experiments, and clinical trials) AND respiratory system OR lung, AND treatment in all fields. Two hundred and eighty-three relevant articles were identified that 97 retrieved articles were eligible and were included in the review. Some new pharmaceutical drugs have shown therapeutic potential in controlling various characteristics of lung injury due to SM exposure. Recent studies showed therapeutic effects of mucolytic drugs, non-steroidal drugs, and antibiotics on reducing lung inflammation, oxidative stress responses, and modulating of the immune system as well as improving of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function tests. Studies on the therapeutic effects of new agents with amelioration or treatment of SM-induced lung injury were reviewed and discussed.
硫芥（SM）是一种主要的强效化学战剂，曾在第一次世界大战以及两伊冲突（1980 - 1988年）中致使受害者死亡。呼吸系统是接触硫芥后的主要靶器官，目前对于硫芥所致肺损伤尚无确切的治疗方法。本综述总结了新型药物对硫芥暴露所致肺损伤的影响。通过在PubMed、ScienceDirect和谷歌学术数据库进行文献检索，以查找截至2019年10月报道了针对硫芥暴露所致呼吸系统损伤新治疗方法的论文。检索范围限定为硫芥、诱导损伤（研究、动物实验和临床试验）、呼吸系统或肺以及所有领域的治疗。共识别出283篇相关文章，其中97篇检索到的文章符合要求并纳入本综述。一些新型药物已显示出在控制硫芥暴露所致肺损伤的各种特征方面具有治疗潜力。近期研究表明，黏液溶解剂、非甾体类药物和抗生素在减轻肺部炎症、氧化应激反应、调节免疫系统以及改善呼吸道症状和肺功能测试方面具有治疗作用。本文对具有改善或治疗硫芥所致肺损伤作用的新型药物的治疗效果进行了综述和讨论。
