Yao Akiko, Shimada Koji, Kasaba Ryoko, Tomoda Akemi
Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Apr 27;13:859249. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.859249. eCollection 2022.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the beneficial effects of behavioral parent training (BPT), as an indirect type of psychosocial treatment, are extended to cognitive manifestations beyond behavioral symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although previous studies of community families have shown an association between parenting quality and a child's cognitive functions, little is known about the effects of BPT on cognitive manifestations in children with ADHD. In this study, we focused on inhibitory control among cognitive domains, which is considered to be the most malleable to direct types of psychosocial treatment for ADHD. We hypothesized that inhibitory control is affected by BPT, which uses parents as the primary agents of change to help their children. Thirty school-age children (6-12 years old) with ADHD and their parents (mothers) participated and were randomly assigned to either the standard BPT or waitlist control group. Using two objective laboratory-based tasks of inhibitory control (i.e., go/no-go and single response selection tasks), we assessed baseline and post-treatment response inhibition to suppress task-irrelevant responses and response selection to select task-relevant responses. In addition to decreased ADHD symptoms and negative parenting, the BPT group exhibited significantly improved performance in the single response selection task, but not in the go/no-go task, compared with the waitlist control group. Although tentative, these findings partially support our hypothesis that BPT has beneficial effects on the cognitive inhibitory control of ADHD, highlighting the potential for supportive environmental modifications to advance cognitive development in children with ADHD.
本研究的目的是检验作为一种间接心理社会治疗方式的行为家长培训（BPT）的有益效果是否能扩展到注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）行为症状之外的认知表现。尽管先前对社区家庭的研究表明养育质量与儿童认知功能之间存在关联，但对于BPT对ADHD儿童认知表现的影响知之甚少。在本研究中，我们聚焦于认知领域中的抑制控制，这被认为是对ADHD直接心理社会治疗最具可塑性的方面。我们假设抑制控制会受到BPT的影响，BPT将家长作为主要的改变推动者来帮助他们的孩子。30名患有ADHD的学龄儿童（6至12岁）及其家长（母亲）参与了研究，并被随机分配到标准BPT组或等待名单对照组。通过两项基于实验室的客观抑制控制任务（即停止信号任务和单反应选择任务），我们评估了基线和治疗后的反应抑制，以抑制与任务无关的反应，以及反应选择，以选择与任务相关的反应。与等待名单对照组相比，除了ADHD症状和消极养育行为减少外，BPT组在单反应选择任务中的表现显著改善，但在停止信号任务中没有改善。尽管这些发现具有初步性，但部分支持了我们的假设，即BPT对ADHD的认知抑制控制有有益影响，凸显了支持性环境改变对促进ADHD儿童认知发展的潜力。
