Tek Mumin Ibrahim, Budak Kubra
Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
Plant Transformation Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Apr 27;13:889497. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889497. eCollection 2022.
CRISPR drive is a recent and robust tool that allows durable genetic manipulation of the pest population like human disease vectors such as malaria vector mosquitos. In recent years, it has been suggested that CRISPR drives can also be used to control plant diseases, pests, and weeds. However, using a CRISPR drive in for the first time in 2021 has been shown to use this technology in plant breeding to obtain homozygous parental lines. This perspective has proposed using CRISPR drive to develop pathogen-resistant cultivars by disrupting the susceptibility gene (). In the breeding program, CRISPR is used to create -gene mutations in two parental lines of hybrid cultivars. However, CRISPR must be reapplied or long-term backcrossed for the parental line to obtain homozygous -mutant cultivars. When a parental line crosses with different parental lines to develop new hybrids, heterozygous -mutations could not resist in hybrid against the pathogen. CRISPR drives are theoretically valid to develop homozygous -mutant plants against pathogens by only routine pollination after CRISPR drive transformation to just one parental line. This way, breeders could use this parental line in different crossing combinations without reapplying the genome-editing technique or backcrossing. Moreover, CRISPR drive also could allow the development of marker-free resistant cultivars with modifications on the drive cassette.
CRISPR驱动是一种最新且强大的工具，可对害虫种群进行持久的基因操纵，比如对疟疾媒介蚊子等人类疾病媒介。近年来，有人提出CRISPR驱动也可用于控制植物病害、害虫和杂草。然而，2021年首次在植物育种中使用CRISPR驱动已被证明是利用该技术来获得纯合亲本系。该观点提出通过破坏感病基因（）利用CRISPR驱动来培育抗病品种。在育种计划中，CRISPR用于在杂交品种的两个亲本系中产生 -基因突变。然而，亲本系必须重新应用CRISPR或进行长期回交才能获得纯合 -突变品种。当一个亲本系与不同亲本系杂交培育新的杂交种时，杂合 -突变在杂交种中无法抵抗病原体。理论上，CRISPR驱动在仅对一个亲本系进行CRISPR驱动转化后，通过常规授粉就可培育出针对病原体的纯合 -突变植物。通过这种方式，育种者可以在不同的杂交组合中使用该亲本系，而无需重新应用基因组编辑技术或进行回交。此外，CRISPR驱动还可以通过对驱动盒进行改造来培育无标记的抗性品种。
