Guadie Atnafu, Mohammed Ibrahim, Beshaw Tamene, Tefera Molla
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wolkite University, P.O. Box 07, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2022 May 4;8(5):e09374. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09374. eCollection 2022 May.
In this study, the levels of some trace metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in Ethiopian and imported rice samples were analysed. The rice samples were digested with a mixture of HNO:HClO:HO (3:2:1 v/v) at a temperature of 200 °C for 2:30 h. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of metals in Ethiopian and imported rice samples were found in the range of 4.82-17.04 for Cr, 11.30-18.30 for Cu, 6.04-9.22 for Mn; and 17.15-27.37 for Zn, within FAO/WHO limits. However, Pb was not detected in both rice samples. The Red rice contained higher levels of metals compared with the White rice. The Ethiopian rice recorded higher levels of metals than the imported ones. The estimated daily intake (mg/kg-day) was found to be at a safe level with reference to the maximum tolerable daily intake. Except for Cr, the values of the target hazard quotient (THQ) were also within the safe level in all the samples, posing no potential health risks on consuming rice. The hazard index values (HI) for the metals in Ethiopian rice except Jimma Red were slightly higher than unity, indicating the alert threshold level and potential health risks to rice consumers. Thus, the concentrations of these metals were less than the maximum limits set by FAO/WHO limits and most of THQ and HI values less than unity. Therefore, there was no serious noncarcinogenic risk to human health from exposure to metals through the consumption of these rice.
在本研究中，分析了埃塞俄比亚大米和进口大米样品中某些痕量金属（铬、铜、锰、铅和锌）的含量。大米样品用硝酸：高氯酸：水（3:2:1 v/v）的混合液在200℃温度下消化2.5小时。埃塞俄比亚大米和进口大米样品中金属的平均浓度（mg/kg），铬在4.82 - 17.04范围内，铜在11.30 - 18.30范围内，锰在6.04 - 9.22范围内，锌在17.15 - 27.37范围内，均在粮农组织/世界卫生组织规定的限值内。然而，两种大米样品中均未检测到铅。红米中的金属含量高于白米。埃塞俄比亚大米的金属含量高于进口大米。根据最大可耐受每日摄入量，估计每日摄入量（mg/kg-天）处于安全水平。除铬外，所有样品中目标危害商数（THQ）的值也在安全水平内，食用大米不会对健康构成潜在风险。埃塞俄比亚大米（除吉马红米外）中金属的危害指数值（HI）略高于1，表明处于警戒阈值水平，对大米消费者存在潜在健康风险。因此，这些金属的浓度低于粮农组织/世界卫生组织规定的最大限值，且大多数THQ和HI值小于1。所以，通过食用这些大米接触金属对人体健康不存在严重的非致癌风险。
