Bielecka Joanna, Markiewicz-Żukowska Renata, Nowakowski Patryk, Grabia Monika, Puścion-Jakubik Anna, Mielcarek Konrad, Gromkowska-Kępka Krystyna Joanna, Soroczyńska Jolanta, Socha Katarzyna
Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
Foods. 2020 Dec 20;9(12):1906. doi: 10.3390/foods9121906.
Rice is one of the most commonly consumed grains. It could be a good source of nutrients in a diet, but its consumption could also contribute to exposure to toxic elements. All rice products available on the Polish market are imported, which may pose a particular concern as to the safety of their consumption. The aim of our study was to estimate the content of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in rice products and to assess the health risk indicators related to exposure to toxic elements consumed with rice products among the adult population in Poland.
A total of 99 samples from 12 groups of rice products (basmati, black, brown, parboiled, red, wild, white rice and expanded rice, rice flakes, flour, pasta, and waffles) available in the Polish market were obtained. The content of Hg was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS). To measure As, Cd, and Pb, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used. The health risk was assessed by calculating several indicators.
The average As, Cd, Pb, and Hg contents in all studied products were 123.5 ± 77.1 μg/kg, 25.7 ± 26.5 μg/kg, 37.5 ± 29.3 μg/kg, and 2.8 ± 2.6 μg/kg, respectively. Exceedance of the limit established by the Polish National Food Safety Standard was observed in one sample as regards the As content and exceedance of the European Commission standard in two samples for Hg. The samples of foods imported from European markets ( = 27) had statistically higher As content ( < 0.05) than those imported from Asian countries ( = 53). The values of health risk indicators did not show an increased risk for the Polish adult population. However, the daily intake of 55 g of rice corresponds to the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for Pb.
The studied rice products could be regarded as safe for consumption by the Polish population as far as the content of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg is concerned.
大米是最常食用的谷物之一。它可能是饮食中营养物质的良好来源，但其食用也可能导致接触有毒元素。波兰市场上所有的大米产品均为进口，这可能会引发对其食用安全性的特别关注。我们研究的目的是估算大米产品中砷、镉、铅和汞的含量，并评估波兰成年人群因食用大米产品而接触有毒元素的健康风险指标。
从波兰市场上可得的12组大米产品（印度香米、黑米、糙米、半熟米、红米、野生米、白米和膨化米、米片、面粉、意大利面和华夫饼）中总共获取了99个样本。汞含量采用原子吸收光谱法（AAS）测定。为测定砷、镉和铅，使用了电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）。通过计算几个指标来评估健康风险。
所有研究产品中砷、镉、铅和汞的平均含量分别为123.5±77.1μg/kg、25.7±26.5μg/kg、37.5±29.3μg/kg和2.8±2.6μg/kg。在一个样本中观察到砷含量超过了波兰国家食品安全标准规定的限值，在两个样本中汞含量超过了欧盟委员会标准。从欧洲市场进口的食品样本（n = 27）的砷含量在统计学上高于从亚洲国家进口的样本（n = 53）（P < 0.05）。健康风险指标的值未显示波兰成年人群存在风险增加的情况。然而，每天摄入55克大米相当于铅的基准剂量下限（BMDL）。
就砷、镉、铅和汞的含量而言，所研究的大米产品对波兰人群的食用可被视为安全的。
