CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Molecular Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Nat Prod Rep. 2022 Jul 20;39(7):1383-1392. doi: 10.1039/d2np00019a.
Covering: up to 2022The recent dramatic advances in our understanding of the biosynthetic pathways that produce diverse bouquets of plant-derived natural products have far surpassed our understanding of the function of these compounds for plants: how they influence a plant's Darwinian fitness in nature. Our understanding of their mechanisms, the life-processes targeted by these compounds, is similarly poorly resolved. Many plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) are further modified after ingestion by herbivores, and these post-ingestive modifications are frequently essential for PSM function. Here we summarize the biosynthesis and functional mechanisms of 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides in the ecological model plant , and summarize the post-ingestive modifications known from other two-component PSMs. We propose that parallel comparisons of plant natural product biosynthetic pathways and insect post-ingestive metabolism of the same plant tissues ("frassomics") will facilitate the often-elusive identification of the molecular targets of these effective chemical defenses, contribute to elucidations of post-ingestive metabolite interactions in insect guts, and predicate the rapid evolutions of resistance against insecticides inspired by PSMs. We highlight the value of conducting these parallel investigations at the level of the entire metabolome so as to include the multiple interacting pathways in both natural product biosynthesis as well as their post-ingestive processing. We introduce the concept of frass metabolite QTL (fmQTL) analysis that integrates powerful forward genetic approaches with frassomics, and suggest that insect-guided high-throughput forward- and reverse-genetics approaches in natural habitats will advance our understanding of PSM biosynthesis and function.
截至 2022 年
最近，我们对产生各种植物衍生天然产物的生物合成途径的理解取得了巨大进展，远超我们对这些化合物对植物功能的理解：它们如何影响植物在自然界中的达尔文适应性。我们对这些化合物的机制、靶向生命过程的理解同样也没有得到很好的解决。许多植物特化代谢物 (PSM) 在被草食动物摄入后会进一步修饰，而这些摄入后的修饰通常对 PSM 的功能至关重要。在这里，我们总结了生态模式植物中 17-羟基香叶基莱宁二萜糖苷的生物合成和功能机制，并总结了来自其他二组分 PSM 的已知摄入后修饰。我们提出，对植物天然产物生物合成途径和同一植物组织中昆虫摄入后代谢的平行比较（“frassomics”）将有助于鉴定这些有效化学防御的分子靶标，阐明昆虫肠道中摄入后代谢物的相互作用，并预测基于 PSM 的杀虫剂抗性的快速进化。我们强调在整个代谢组水平上进行这些平行研究的价值，以包括天然产物生物合成及其摄入后处理中的多个相互作用途径。我们介绍了 frass 代谢物 QTL（fmQTL）分析的概念，该分析将强大的正向遗传方法与 frassomics 相结合，并建议在自然栖息地中采用昆虫引导的高通量正向和反向遗传学方法，将推进我们对 PSM 生物合成和功能的理解。
