Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Arts and Science College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to Be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Aug 15;307:119461. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119461. Epub 2022 May 13.
With the wide utilization of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in recent years, OPEs have been detected more frequently in the aquatic environment. However, the distribution of OPEs in drinking source water has rarely been investigated across a large region. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of 13 OPEs were investigated in 23 source water sites from Northeast to Southeast (spacing greater than 3320 km) with a direct injection ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Total OPEs ranged from 218.8 to 636.6 ng/L, with a mean of 380.8 ng/L. The average detected concentration of OPEs in southern cities was higher than that in northern cities. Chlorinated OPEs accounted for 64.74% of the total concentration. Triethyl phosphate (TEP), tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and tri (chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) were detected in all water samples. Rainfall is a significant factor that affects the OPE concentration (less rainfall, higher concentration). China's OPE concentrations have rapidly reached a median level when compared to those of other countries. Ecological risk assessment showed that most OPEs have no or low risk to organisms (fish, crustacea, algae), except tricresyl phosphate (TCP), which is medium risk. The risk of OPEs in less-rain regions needs to be of greater concern, especially TCP.
近年来，由于有机磷酸酯（OPEs）的广泛应用，OPEs 在水环境中被检测到的频率越来越高。然而，OPEs 在饮用水源水中的分布情况在很大的区域范围内很少被研究过。在这项研究中，采用直接注入超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS），对来自东北到东南（间距大于 3320 公里）的 23 个水源地的 13 种 OPEs 的发生和分布情况进行了调查。总 OPEs 的浓度范围为 218.8 至 636.6ng/L，平均值为 380.8ng/L。南方城市中 OPEs 的检出浓度平均值高于北方城市。氯代 OPEs 占总浓度的 64.74%。所有水样中均检测到磷酸三乙酯（TEP）、磷酸三（2-氯乙基）酯（TCEP）和磷酸三（氯丙基）酯（TCPP）。降雨量是影响 OPE 浓度的重要因素（降雨量少，浓度高）。与其他国家相比，中国的 OPE 浓度迅速达到了中位数水平。生态风险评估表明，大多数 OPEs 对鱼类、甲壳类动物、藻类等生物没有或低风险，只有磷酸三邻甲苯酯（TCP）具有中等风险。降雨量较少地区的 OPEs 风险需要引起更大的关注，尤其是 TCP。
